Virtual Reality as a Complementary Learning Tool in Anatomy Education for Medical Students.

Virtual reality seems to be a promising tool to improve the study of anatomy; however, its efficacy compared to traditional methods remains unclear. This randomized experimental study included 42 first-semester medical students enrolled in a Morphology discipline, divided into two groups. Each group was interchangeably assigned to use virtual reality plus traditional methods or traditional methods alone in a four-section crossover design. Participants' scores in four distinct tests were compared between groups, as well as a motivation questionnaire. The results showed that virtual reality does not provide significant increase on scores neither short-, medium-, and long-term analysis. Nonetheless, in the motivation questionnaire, participants agreed virtual reality provides a better tridimensional view of the human body and therefore is a potential complementary tool when learning anatomy. We conclude virtual reality does not seem to have an impact on academic performance, but it was perceived as an engaging and promising complementary tool for the study of anatomy.