Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua-León, Nicaragua.
Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Linköping University, Sweden.
J Infect Dis. 2023 Dec 20;228(12):1739-1747. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad202.
Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been associated with rotavirus vaccine take; but the effect of these HBGAs on rotavirus incidence and risk remains poorly explored in vaccinated populations.
Rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis (AGE) was assessed in 444 Nicaraguan children followed from birth until 3 years of age. AGE episodes were tested for rotavirus by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and saliva or blood was used to determine HBGA phenotypes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative hazard of rotavirus AGE by HBGA phenotypes.
Rotavirus was detected in 109 (7%) stool samples from 1689 AGE episodes over 36 months of observation between June 2017 and July 2021. Forty-six samples were successfully genotyped. Of these, 15 (35%) were rotavirus vaccine strain G1P[8], followed by G8P[8] or G8P[nt] (11 [24%]) and equine-like G3P[8] (11 [24%]). The overall incidence of rotavirus-associated AGE was 9.2 per 100 child-years, and was significantly higher in secretor than nonsecretor children (9.8 vs 3.5/100 child-years, P = .002).
The nonsecretor phenotype was associated with decreased risk of clinical rotavirus vaccine failure in a vaccinated Nicaraguan birth cohort. These results show the importance of secretor status on rotavirus risk, even in vaccinated children.
组织血型抗原（HBGA）与轮状病毒疫苗接种有关；但这些 HBGAs 对疫苗接种人群中轮状病毒的发病率和风险的影响仍未得到充分探索。
在尼加拉瓜的 444 名儿童中进行了与轮状病毒相关的急性胃肠炎（AGE）评估，这些儿童从出生开始一直随访至 3 岁。通过逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测 AGE 病例中的轮状病毒，并使用唾液或血液确定 HBGA 表型。Cox 比例风险模型用于估计 HBGA 表型与轮状病毒 AGE 的相对危险度。
在 2017 年 6 月至 2021 年 7 月期间的 36 个月观察中，在 1689 次 AGE 发作中，从 109 份（7%）粪便样本中检测到轮状病毒。46 个样本成功进行了基因分型。其中，15 个（35%）为轮状病毒疫苗株 G1P[8]，其次是 G8P[8]或 G8P[nt]（11 [24%]）和类马 G3P[8]（11 [24%]）。轮状病毒相关 AGE 的总体发病率为每 100 名儿童年 9.2 例，在分泌者中明显高于非分泌者（9.8 比 3.5/100 名儿童年，P =.002）。
在接种轮状病毒疫苗的尼加拉瓜出生队列中，非分泌者表型与临床轮状病毒疫苗失败的风险降低相关。这些结果表明，分泌者状态对轮状病毒风险的重要性，即使在接种疫苗的儿童中也是如此。
