Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaeio Hospital, 2024 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023 Aug;287:109-118. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.008. Epub 2023 Jun 8.
Complications of myomectomy are generally rare and highly dependent on the surgeons' skills and selection of patients. Haemorrhage, direct injury, post-operative pain and fever present as intra and peri-operative complications, while adhesions are considered late complications. 21 RCTs and 15 meta-analyses have been conducted to date, with the last comprehensive meta-analysis being published in 2009. The main disadvantage of the previous meta-analysis included incomplete selection of studies, inclusion of studies with small sample sizes, and major heterogeneity of methods used between studies. The aim of this meta-analysis comparing laparoscopic myomectomy (LMy) to open conservative myomectomy is to provide an updated review of the type, frequency and severity of complications. These results can direct teaching efforts and guidelines and give updated advice to gynaecologists. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google scholar for RCTs on this topic. 276 studies were identified and 19 RCTs ultimately met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis and subsequent heterogeneity assessment. The results showed that laparoscopic myomectomy has a more favourable outcome with regards to several complications when compared with laparotomy. Laparoscopic myomectomy is significantly associated with lower Hg drop (WMD = -0.48, 95% CI [-0.89, -0.07], p = 0.02179); lower incidence of post-operative fever (RR = 0.43, 95% CI [0.29, 0.64], p < 0.001); lower levels of pain at 48Hrs post-op (WMD = -0.88, 95% CI [-1.63, -0.014], p = 0.02020) and decreased analgesia requests (RR = 0.49, 95% CI [0.37, 0.64], p < 0.0001). Prophylaxis use was associated with less adhesions (RR = 0.064, 95% CI [0.44, 0.92], p = 0.01), although not enough data was available to draw conclusions regarding specific prophylactic agents. No differences were found between LMy and laparotomy for blood loss (WMD = -13.6494, 95% CI [-44.48, 17.18], p = 0.38553) or pain at 24Hrs post-op (WMD = -0.19, 95% CI [-0.55, 0.18], p = 0.32136). These findings support previously published meta-analyses. Given the right indications of the surgery and training of the surgeon, LMy seems to be most preferable to laparotomy in achieving a better clinical result with fewer complications.
子宫肌瘤剔除术的并发症通常较为少见,但高度依赖于术者的技术水平和患者的选择。术中出血、直接损伤、术后疼痛和发热是手术相关的并发症,而粘连是术后晚期并发症。目前已经开展了 21 项随机对照试验(RCT)和 15 项荟萃分析,最近的一次全面荟萃分析发表于 2009 年。以往荟萃分析的主要缺点包括研究选择不完整、纳入样本量小的研究,以及研究之间方法的异质性较大。本荟萃分析旨在比较腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术(LMy)和开腹保守性子宫肌瘤剔除术的术后并发症的类型、频率和严重程度,为临床教学和诊疗指南提供参考,并为妇科医生提供最新的建议。我们在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 上对该主题的 RCT 进行了文献检索。共识别出 276 项研究,最终有 19 项 RCT 符合纳入荟萃分析和随后的异质性评估的标准。结果表明,与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术在几种并发症方面具有更好的结局。腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与较低的 Hb 下降显著相关(WMD = -0.48,95%CI [-0.89,-0.07],p = 0.02179);术后发热发生率较低(RR = 0.43,95%CI [0.29,0.64],p < 0.001);术后 48 小时疼痛程度较轻(WMD = -0.88,95%CI [-1.63,-0.014],p = 0.02020)和镇痛需求减少(RR = 0.49,95%CI [0.37,0.64],p < 0.0001)。虽然没有足够的数据得出关于特定预防药物的结论,但预防性使用药物与粘连减少相关(RR = 0.064,95%CI [0.44,0.92],p = 0.01)。腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术与开腹手术相比,出血量(WMD = -13.6494,95%CI [-44.48,17.18],p = 0.38553)或术后 24 小时疼痛程度(WMD = -0.19,95%CI [-0.55,0.18],p = 0.32136)无差异。这些发现支持之前发表的荟萃分析。鉴于手术的适应证和术者的培训,腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术似乎比开腹手术更可取,能够获得更好的临床效果,且并发症更少。