NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2023 Jun 20;18(6):e0287250. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287250. eCollection 2023.
In the southeast U.S., two very similar fisheries are managed by very different management regimes. In the Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish fishery, all major species are managed by individual transferable quotas (ITQs). The neighboring S. Atlantic Snapper-Grouper fishery continues to be managed by traditional regulations such as vessel trip-limits and closed seasons. Using detailed landings and revenue data from logbooks together with trip-level and annual, vessel-level economic survey data, we develop financial statements for each fishery to estimate cost structures, profits, and resource rent. By comparing the two fisheries from an economic perspective, we illustrate the detrimental effects of the regulatory measures on the S. Atlantic Snapper-Grouper fishery and quantify the difference in economic outcomes, including estimating the difference in resource rent. We find that the choice of fishery management regime shows up as a regime shift in the productivity and profitability of the fisheries. The ITQ fishery generates substantially more resource rents than the traditionally managed fishery; the difference is a large fraction of revenue (~30%). In the S. Atlantic Snapper-Grouper fishery, the potential value of the resource has almost completely dissipated via lower ex-vessel prices and hundreds of thousands of gallons of wasted fuel. Excess use of labor is a lesser issue.
在美国东南部,两个非常相似的渔业由非常不同的管理机制来管理。在墨西哥湾珊瑚礁鱼类渔业中,所有主要物种都通过个别可转让配额(ITQ)进行管理。毗邻的南大西洋鲷鱼-石斑鱼渔业继续按照传统规定进行管理,例如船只航行限制和禁渔期。我们使用航海日志中的详细上岸和收入数据以及航行级别和年度船只经济调查数据,为每个渔业编制财务报表,以估算成本结构、利润和资源租金。通过从经济角度比较这两个渔业,我们说明了监管措施对南大西洋鲷鱼-石斑鱼渔业的不利影响,并量化了经济结果的差异,包括估计资源租金的差异。我们发现,渔业管理机制的选择表现为渔业生产力和盈利能力的制度转变。与传统管理的渔业相比,ITQ 渔业产生了大量的资源租金;差异是收入的很大一部分(约 30%)。在南大西洋鲷鱼-石斑鱼渔业中,由于较低的船上价格和数十万加仑浪费的燃料,资源的潜在价值几乎完全消失。过度使用劳动力是一个较小的问题。