Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
Lancet Public Health. 2023 Jul;8(7):e546-e558. doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00106-8.
Ambient air pollution is a major risk to health and wellbeing in European cities. We aimed to estimate spatial and sector-specific contributions of emissions to ambient air pollution and evaluate the effects of source-specific reductions in pollutants on mortality in European cities to support targeted source-specific actions to address air pollution and promote population health.
We conducted a health impact assessment of data from 2015 for 857 European cities to estimate source contributions to annual PM and NO concentrations using the Screening for High Emission Reduction Potentials for Air quality tool. We evaluated contributions from transport, industry, energy, residential, agriculture, shipping, and aviation, other, natural, and external sources. For each city and sector, three spatial levels were considered: contributions from the same city, the rest of the country, and transboundary. Mortality effects were estimated for adult populations (ie, ≥20 years) following standard comparative risk assessment methods to calculate the annual mortality preventable on spatial and sector-specific reductions in PM and NO.
We observed strong variability in spatial and sectoral contributions among European cities. For PM, the main contributors to mortality were the residential (mean contribution of 22·7% [SD 10·2]) and agricultural (18·0% [7·7]) sectors, followed by industry (13·8% [6·0]), transport (13·5% [5·8]), energy (10·0% [6·4]), and shipping (5·5% [5·7]). For NO, the main contributor to mortality was transport (48·5% [SD 15·2]), with additional contributions from industry (15·0% [10·8]), energy (14·7% [12·9]), residential (10·3% [5·0]), and shipping (9·7% [12·7]). The mean city contribution to its own air pollution mortality was 13·5% (SD 9·9) for PM and 34·4% (19·6) for NO, and contribution increased among cities of largest area (22·3% [12·2] for PM and 52·2% [19·4] for NO) and among European capitals (29·9% [12·5] for PM and 62·7% [14·7] for NO).
We estimated source-specific air pollution health effects at the city level. Our results show strong variability, emphasising the need for local policies and coordinated actions that consider city-level specificities in source contributions.
Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, State Research Agency, Generalitat de Catalunya, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, and Urban Burden of Disease Estimation for Policy Making 2023-2026 Horizon Europe project.
空气污染是欧洲城市居民健康和福祉的主要威胁。我们旨在估计排放物对环境空气污染的空间和部门特定贡献，并评估特定污染源减少污染物对欧洲城市死亡率的影响，以支持有针对性的特定污染源行动，解决空气污染问题，促进人口健康。
我们对 2015 年 857 个欧洲城市的数据进行了健康影响评估，使用筛选高减排潜力空气质量工具来估计 PM 和 NO 浓度的来源贡献。我们评估了交通、工业、能源、住宅、农业、航运和航空、其他、自然和外部来源的贡献。对于每个城市和部门，我们考虑了三个空间水平：来自同一城市、该国其他地区和跨境的贡献。我们采用标准的比较风险评估方法，根据 PM 和 NO 空间和部门特定减少量，估算成人（即≥20 岁）的年度可预防死亡率。
我们观察到欧洲城市之间的空间和部门贡献存在很大的差异。对于 PM，对死亡率的主要贡献来自住宅（平均贡献 22.7%[10.2%]）和农业（18.0%[7.7%]）部门，其次是工业（13.8%[6.0%]）、交通（13.5%[5.8%]）、能源（10.0%[6.4%]）和航运（5.5%[5.7%]）。对于 NO，对死亡率的主要贡献来自交通（48.5%[15.2%]），其次是工业（15.0%[10.8%]）、能源（14.7%[12.9%]）、住宅（10.3%[5.0%]）和航运（9.7%[12.7%]）。城市自身空气污染死亡率的平均城市贡献为 PM 为 13.5%（SD 9.9），NO 为 34.4%（SD 19.6），面积最大的城市贡献增加（PM 为 22.3%[12.2%]，NO 为 52.2%[19.4%]）和欧洲首都（PM 为 29.9%[12.5%]，NO 为 62.7%[14.7%]）。
我们在城市层面估计了特定污染源的空气污染健康影响。我们的结果显示出很强的可变性，强调需要采取地方政策和协调行动，考虑到城市层面来源贡献的特殊性。
我们在城市层面估计了特定污染源的空气污染健康影响。我们的结果显示出很强的可变性，强调需要采取地方政策和协调行动，考虑到城市层面来源贡献的特殊性。
西班牙科学和创新部、国家研究机构、加泰罗尼亚政府、生物医学研究网络-流行病学和公共卫生中心，以及 2023-2026 年欧洲地平线项目城市负担的疾病估计政策制定。
