2012年至2021年成都市农药中毒的流行病学特征
[Epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2021].
作者信息
Kuang D, Peng Q, Wang L, Yang X S, Gao X F
机构信息
Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Department of Envionmental and School Health, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
出版信息
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2023 Jun 20;41(6):451-456. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20220125-00049.
To explore the present situation and epidemiological characteristics of pesticide poisoning in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2021, and to provide scientific evidence for further prevention and control. In January 2022, the pesticide poisoning report cards of Chengdu City from 2012 to 2021 were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The data of the report card was reorganized and the distribution characteristics of pesticide poisoning such as time, region, gender, age and pesticide types were analyzed. 14326 cases of pesticide poisoning were reported in Chengdu City from 2012 to 2021, 651 deaths, and the fatality rate was 4.54%. The cases of productive pesticide poisoning and unproductive pesticide poisoning were 504 and 13822, respectively. The fatality rates of productive and unproductive pesticide poisoning were 1.39% and 4.66%, which were significant different (χ(2)=11.99, =0.001). The highest reported cases of pesticide poisoning was in 2013 (1779) and the lowest in 2021 (1047). The number of reported cases showed a downward trend year by year (=-12.30, <0.001), and the fatality rates also showed a downward trend year by year ((2)(trend)=25.48, <0.001). The fluctuation range of unproductive pesticide poisoning cases in each month of the year was small, and the productive pesticide poisoning mainly occurred from May to August. The regions with the largest number of reported poisoning cases were Pengzhou (1620), Jianyang (1393), Jintang (1266) and Qionglai (1158). The high incidence of poisoning was among 25-54 years old (50.21%, 7193/14326). The fatality rate in the age group 75-96 years old was the highest (8.98%, 95/1058), and the fatality rates increased gradually with age ((2)(trend)=186.03, <0.001). The pesticides causing poisoning were mainly insecticide (43.86%, 6284/14326) and herbicides (35.75%, 5121/14326). Herbicides paraquat had the highest fatality rate (9.54%, 286/2998) . Pesticide poisoning in Chengdu City is mainly unproductive poisoning. Health education should be carried out for key areas and people, and the control of highly toxic pesticides such as insecticide and herbicides should be strengthened.
为探讨2012年至2021年成都市农药中毒的现状及流行病学特征，为进一步防控提供科学依据。2022年1月，从中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集了成都市2012年至2021年的农药中毒报告卡。对报告卡数据进行整理，分析农药中毒的时间、地区、性别、年龄及农药种类等分布特征。2012年至2021年成都市共报告农药中毒14326例，死亡651例，病死率为4.54%。生产性农药中毒和非生产性农药中毒病例分别为504例和13822例。生产性和非生产性农药中毒的病死率分别为1.39%和4.66%，差异有统计学意义（χ(2)=11.99，P=0.001）。农药中毒报告病例数最高的年份是2013年（1779例），最低的是2021年（1047例）。报告病例数呈逐年下降趋势（r=-12.30，P<0.001），病死率也呈逐年下降趋势（χ(2)(趋势)=25.48，P<0.001）。一年中各月非生产性农药中毒病例波动范围较小，生产性农药中毒主要发生在5至8月。报告中毒病例数最多的地区是彭州（1620例）、简阳（1393例）、金堂（1266例）和邛崃（1158例）。中毒高发年龄段为25至54岁（50.21%，7193/14326）。75至96岁年龄组病死率最高（8.98%，95/1058），病死率随年龄增长逐渐升高（χ(2)(趋势)=186.03，P<0.001）。引起中毒的农药主要是杀虫剂（43.86%，6284/14326）和除草剂（35.75%，5121/14326）。除草剂百草枯病死率最高（9.54%，286/2998）。成都市农药中毒主要是非生产性中毒。应针对重点地区和人群开展健康教育，加强对杀虫剂和除草剂等高毒农药的管控。
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