痴呆患者家属沟通伙伴训练计划的有效性和特征：系统评价。
The Effectiveness and Characteristics of Communication Partner Training Programs for Families of People With Dementia: A Systematic Review.
机构信息
Faculty of Health, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.
出版信息
Gerontologist. 2024 Apr 1;64(4). doi: 10.1093/geront/gnad095.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Communication partner training (CPT) is essential in dementia care. Despite families being the largest group of community carers, previous reviews primarily focused on formal carers. This study aimed to understand the characteristics and effectiveness of CPT for families of people with dementia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The systematic review included intervention/protocol studies on dementia CPT for families, excluding formal carers and programs not focused on communication. CINAHL, PsycINFO, SpeechBITE, Medline, SCOPUS, and Embase were searched between November 30 and December 6, 2021. After deduplication, 3,172 records were screened. Quality assessment used JBI Critical Appraisal tools and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis utilized three reporting tools, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, and content analysis.
RESULTS
Of 30 studies (27 programs), there were 10 quasi-experimental, 5 RCTs, 4 mixed methods, 4 case studies, 4 qualitative, and 2 protocols. Studies were published between 1998 and 2021 and included 671 family members. Characteristics varied with 7/27 programs including consumers during creation and one program including telehealth. One study included all reporting tool criteria. Programs typically used 4 intervention functions, with 12/27 programs addressing 3 behavior change areas. 33/74 outcome measures targeted the "Environment" of the person with dementia. Studies showed positive improvements in communication skills and knowledge, with mixed results on behavior/psychosocial outcomes. Qualitative results identified improvements in conversation and attitudes.
DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
CPT for families improves communication outcomes, however, quality of studies varied significantly. Future research should address gaps in telehealth, consumer involvement, and intervention descriptions.
背景与目的
沟通伙伴培训（CPT）在痴呆症护理中至关重要。尽管家庭是最大的社区照顾者群体，但之前的综述主要集中在正式照顾者上。本研究旨在了解针对痴呆症患者家庭的 CPT 的特点和效果。
研究设计与方法
系统综述包括针对家庭的痴呆症 CPT 的干预/方案研究，不包括正式照顾者和不专注于沟通的计划。在 2021 年 11 月 30 日至 12 月 6 日期间，在 CINAHL、PsycINFO、SpeechBITE、Medline、SCOPUS 和 Embase 上进行了搜索。在删除重复项后，筛选了 3172 条记录。使用 JBI 批判性评估工具和混合方法评估工具进行质量评估。使用三个报告工具、国际功能、残疾和健康分类以及内容分析对数据进行综合。
结果
在 30 项研究（27 个方案）中，有 10 项准实验、5 项 RCT、4 项混合方法、4 项案例研究、4 项定性研究和 2 项方案。研究发表于 1998 年至 2021 年，共纳入 671 名家庭成员。特征各不相同，其中 7/27 个方案包括创建过程中的消费者，1 个方案包括远程医疗。一项研究符合所有报告工具标准。方案通常使用 4 种干预功能，其中 12/27 个方案针对 3 个行为改变领域。74 项结果测量指标中有 33 项针对痴呆症患者的“环境”。研究表明沟通技巧和知识方面有积极的改善，但行为/心理社会结果的结果存在差异。定性结果表明对话和态度有所改善。
讨论与意义
针对家庭的 CPT 可改善沟通结果，但研究质量差异很大。未来的研究应解决远程医疗、消费者参与和干预描述方面的差距。
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