Visual Illusion Created by a Striped Pattern Through Augmented Reality for the Prevention of Tumbling on Stairs.

A fall on stairs can be a dangerous accident. An important indicator of falling risk is the foot clearance, which is the height of the foot when ascending stairs or the distance of the foot from the step when descending. We developed an augmented reality system with a holographic lens using a visual illusion to improve the foot clearance on stairs. The system draws a vertical striped pattern on the stair riser as the participant ascends the stairs to create the illusion that the steps are higher than the actual steps, and draws a horizontal striped pattern on the stair tread as the participant descends the stairs to create the illusion of narrower stairs. We experimentally evaluated the accuracy of the system and fitted a model to determine the appropriate stripe thickness. Finally, participants ascended and descended stairs before, during, and after using the augmented reality system. The foot clearance significantly improved, not only while the participants used the system but also after they used the system compared with before.