Short-term effects of fine particulate matter constituents on myocardial infarction death.

Existing evidence suggested that short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) may increase the risk of death from myocardial infarction (MI), while PM constituents responsible for this association has not been determined. We collected 12,927 MI deaths from 32 counties in southern China during 2011-2013. County-level exposures of ambient PM and its 5 constituents (i.e., elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate (SO), ammonium (NH), and nitrate (NO)) were aggregated from gridded datasets predicted by Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System. We employed a space-time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression models to quantify the association of MI mortality with short-term exposure to PM and its constituents across various lag days. Over the study period, the daily mean PM mass concentration was 77.8 (standard deviation (SD) = 72.7) µg/m. We estimated an odds ratio of 1.038 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003-1.074), 1.038 (1.013-1.063) and 1.057 (1.023-1.097) for MI mortality associated with per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 3-day moving-average exposure to PM (IQR = 76.3 µg/m), EC (4.1 µg/m) and OC (9.1 µg/m), respectively. We did not identify significant association between MI death and exposure to water-soluble ions (SO, NH and NO). Likelihood ratio tests supported no evident violations of linear assumptions for constituents-MI associations. Subgroup analyses showed stronger associations between MI death and EC/OC exposure in the elderly, males and cold months. Short-term exposure to PM constituents, particularly those carbonaceous aerosols, was associated with increased risks of MI mortality.