Fear Extinction as a Psychologist Views It.

Fear extinction is a topic of central importance in translational neuroscience. It integrates knowledge from various disciplines, including clinical psychology, experimental psychology, psychiatry, cellular and systems neuroscience, and pharmacology. The experimental phenomenon of extinction was first discovered by Ivan P. Pavlov more than 100 years ago and still forms the basis for investigating the psychological and physiological mechanisms that drive extinction of fear. Here, I present old and new ways to think about fear conditioning and extinction from a psychologist's point of view. Extinction is a simple phenomenon with a complex machinery. Enhancing the behavioral analysis of extinction is necessary to advance research in neighboring disciplines as well and to increase our chances to develop extinction enhancers that might further improve efficacy of extinction-based therapies to treat dysfunctional fears. For that purpose, I address a number of fundamental questions in this chapter to clarify psychological viewpoints on the process of fear extinction. What is extinction? What is an association? What is fear? What can we learn from fear extinction? My goal is to reinforce critical thinking about basic assumptions underlying fear extinction and to open up new avenues for further research.