Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
Biomolecules. 2023 Jul 6;13(7):1084. doi: 10.3390/biom13071084.
Obesity, defined as the abnormal or excessive expansion of white adipose tissue, has reached pandemic proportions and is recognized as an important health concern since it is a common root for several comorbidities, including malignancies. Indeed, the current knowledge of the white adipose tissue, which shifts its role from an energy storage tissue to an important endocrine and metabolic organ, has opened up new avenues for the discovery of obesity's effects on tumor biology. In this review, we will report the epidemiological studies concerning the strong impact of obesity in several types of cancer and describe the mechanisms underlying the heterotypic signals between cancer cell lines and adipocytes, with particular emphasis on inflammation, the insulin/IGF-1 axis, and adipokines. Among the adipokines, we will further describe the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data concerning the role of leptin, recognized as one of the most important mediators of obesity-associated cancers. In fact, leptin physiologically regulates energy metabolism, appetite, and reproduction, and several studies have also described the role of leptin in affecting cancer development and progression. Finally, we will summarize the newest pharmacological strategies aimed at mitigating the protumorigenic effects of leptin, underlining their mechanisms of action.
肥胖定义为白色脂肪组织的异常或过度扩张，已达到流行程度，并被认为是一个重要的健康关注点，因为它是多种合并症的共同根源，包括恶性肿瘤。事实上，目前对白色脂肪组织的认识已经发生了转变，它从一个储能组织转变为一个重要的内分泌和代谢器官，这为发现肥胖对肿瘤生物学的影响开辟了新的途径。在这篇综述中，我们将报告有关肥胖对几种类型癌症的强烈影响的流行病学研究，并描述癌细胞系和脂肪细胞之间异型信号的潜在机制，特别强调炎症、胰岛素/IGF-1 轴和脂肪因子。在脂肪因子中，我们将进一步描述有关瘦素作用的体外、体内和临床数据，瘦素被认为是肥胖相关癌症的最重要介质之一。事实上，瘦素在生理上调节能量代谢、食欲和生殖，并且有几项研究还描述了瘦素在影响癌症发生和发展中的作用。最后，我们将总结旨在减轻瘦素促肿瘤作用的最新药理学策略，并强调它们的作用机制。
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