Elefson Sarah, Greiner Laura
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Transl Anim Sci. 2023 Jul 28;7(1):txad089. doi: 10.1093/tas/txad089. eCollection 2023 Jan.
One hundred and fifty-two nursery pigs (PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly assigned to mix sex pens and one of six dietary treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial. Diets included no added fat, 3% added choice white grease, or 3% added soy oil with either a supplemented vitamin A (for a total of 11,640 IU vitamin A/kg, Rovimix A 1000, DSM, Parsippany, NJ, US) or beta-carotene (for a total of 8,708 IU vitamin A/kg equivalent, Rovimix β-Carotene 10%, DSM). Pigs were given a 3-d adaptation period upon arrival. Pigs were weighed at the start of the study and at the end of each phase. A blood sample was taken from one pig per pen at the start and end of the study. Tissues were collected from eight pigs at the start of the study and six pigs per treatment at the end of the study. Data were analyzed via the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Pen was the experimental unit, and repeated measures were used for growth performance and blood parameters. There was no fat by supplement interaction ( > 0.05) on body weight (), but there was a tendency ( = 0.054) for heavier BWs when soy oil was added to diets. There was no difference ( > 0.05) in average daily feed intake or average daily gain (). There was an improved gain:feed ( = 0.02) when pigs were fed choice white grease over no added fat. There were time differences ( < 0.05) for plasma vitamins A (retinol), D (25 hydroxy vitamin D3), and E (alpha-tocopherol). Vitamin A and D values were higher at the end of the study, whereas vitamin E values were lower at the end of the study. The choice white grease diets had the highest ( < 0.05) plasma vitamins D and E (6.74 ng/mL and 2.87 ppm, respectively). Pigs supplemented with vitamin A had higher ( < 0.05) hepatic vitamin A than pigs supplemented with beta-carotene (19.9 vs. 15.6 ppm, respectively). There were no differences ( < 0.05) between immunoglobulins G and M or mRNA abundance of select genes (retinol binding protein 2, alcohol dehydrogenase class 1, lecithin retinol acyltransferase phosphatidylcholine-retinol O-acyltransferase, and beta-carotene oxygenase 1). In conclusion, fat inclusion level and type, with either vitamin A or beta-carotene supplementation, did not affect the overall nursery pig growth performance. The addition of fat resulted in an increase in ADG and BW. Diets with choice white grease had the highest plasma vitamins D and E, and supplemental vitamin A increased hepatic vitamin A.
152头保育猪（品种为PIC，来自美国田纳西州亨德森维尔）被随机分配到不同性别的猪栏中，并按照3×2析因设计分为六种日粮处理组之一。日粮包括不添加脂肪、添加3%特级白油或添加3%大豆油，同时分别添加维生素A（维生素A总量为11,640 IU/kg，商品名为Rovimix A 1000，帝斯曼公司，位于美国新泽西州帕西帕尼）或β-胡萝卜素（维生素A当量总量为8,708 IU/kg，商品名为Rovimix β-胡萝卜素10%，帝斯曼公司）。仔猪到达后有3天的适应期。在研究开始时和每个阶段结束时对猪进行称重。在研究开始和结束时，从每个猪栏中选取一头猪采集血样。在研究开始时从8头猪采集组织样本，在研究结束时从每个处理组的6头猪采集组织样本。数据通过SAS 9.4（SAS公司，位于美国北卡罗来纳州卡里）的GLIMMIX程序进行分析。猪栏是实验单位，生长性能和血液参数采用重复测量分析。日粮中脂肪添加量与维生素补充剂之间对体重没有交互作用（P>0.05），但在日粮中添加大豆油时，体重有增加的趋势（P = 0.054）。平均日采食量或平均日增重没有差异（P>0.05）。与不添加脂肪相比，饲喂特级白油的猪料重比有所改善（P = 0.02）。血浆维生素A（视黄醇）、D（25-羟基维生素D3）和E（α-生育酚）存在时间差异（P<0.05）。研究结束时维生素A和D的值较高，而维生素E的值较低。特级白油日粮组的血浆维生素D和E含量最高（P<0.05），分别为6.74 ng/mL和2.87 ppm。补充维生素A的猪肝脏维生素A含量高于补充β-胡萝卜素的猪（分别为19.9 ppm和15.6 ppm，P<0.05）。免疫球蛋白G和M或所选基因（视黄醇结合蛋白2、1类乙醇脱氢酶、卵磷脂视黄醇酰基转移酶、磷脂酰胆碱-视黄醇O-酰基转移酶和β-胡萝卜素加氧酶1）的mRNA丰度没有差异（P<0.05）。总之，脂肪添加水平和类型以及维生素A或β-胡萝卜素的补充，均不影响保育猪的整体生长性能。添加脂肪可使平均日增重和体重增加。特级白油日粮组的血浆维生素D和E含量最高，补充维生素A可增加肝脏维生素A含量。
