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为什么教义性宗教最初出现在北亚热带地区?

Why did doctrinal religions first appear in the Northern Subtropical Zone?

作者信息

Dunbar R I M

机构信息

Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.

出版信息

Evol Hum Sci. 2023 May 17;5:e15. doi: 10.1017/ehs.2023.13. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Doctrinal religions that involve recognised gods, more formal theologies, moral codes, dedicated religious spaces and professional priesthoods emerged in two phases during the Neolithic. Almost all of these appeared in a narrow latitudinal band (the northern Subtropical Zone). I suggest that these developments were the result of a need to facilitate community bonding in response to scalar stresses that developed as community sizes increased dramatically beyond those typical of hunter-gatherer societies. Conditions for population growth (as indexed by rainfall patterns and the difference between pathogen load and the length of the growing season) were uniquely optimised in this zone, creating an environment of ecological release in which populations could grow unusually rapidly. The relationship between latitude, religion and language in contemporary societies suggests that the peculiar characteristics of the northern (but not the southern) Subtropical Zone were especially favourable for the evolution of large scale religions as a way of enforcing community cohesion.

摘要

涉及被认可的神灵、更正式的神学、道德准则、专门的宗教场所和专业神职人员的教义性宗教在新石器时代分两个阶段出现。几乎所有这些都出现在一个狭窄的纬度带(北亚热带地区)。我认为,这些发展是为应对随着社区规模大幅增长远超狩猎采集社会典型规模而产生的规模压力,促进社区凝聚的需求所导致的结果。该地区的人口增长条件(以降雨模式以及病原体负荷与生长季节长度之间的差异为指标)得到了独特优化,营造出一种生态释放的环境,在这种环境中人口能够异常迅速地增长。当代社会中纬度、宗教和语言之间的关系表明,北亚热带地区(而非南亚热带地区)的独特特征对大规模宗教的演变极为有利,是强化社区凝聚力的一种方式。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d565/10427489/24cbfca4fabb/S2513843X23000130_figAb.jpg

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