Roles of Ferulic acid on muscle atrophy and grip strength in diabetic mice.

Diabetes is an inducement of muscle atrophy to cause motor disturbance. Ferulic Acid (FA) possessed various pharmacological effects in diabetes and muscle function. This research aimed to appraise potential role of FA on muscle atrophy in high glucose environment. Our result displayed FA promoted myofiber size and grip strength to reduce high glucose-mediated muscle function discords. In serum, FA exhibited its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capabilities via enhancing T-AOC, SOD and CAT levels and reducing MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In skeletal muscle, FA suppressed FBXO-32 and MURF-1 expressions to improve ubiquitin-proteasome system. Moreover, GA restrained DDIT-3 and GRP-78 expressions to relieve high glucose-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Lastly, GA increased BAX expressions and decreased BCL-2 expressions to attenuate high glucose-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, FA preserve against muscle atrophy by meliorating ubiquitin-proteasome system, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in high glucose environment.