Laboratory for Cell Systems Control, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN.
Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University.
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2023 Oct 11;99(8):306-327. doi: 10.2183/pjab.99.021. Epub 2023 Sep 6.
Studying the central dogma at the single-cell level has gained increasing attention to reveal hidden cell lineages and functions that cannot be studied using traditional bulk analyses. Nonetheless, most single-cell studies exploiting genomic and transcriptomic levels fail to address information on proteins that are central to many important biological processes. Single-cell proteomics enables understanding of the functional status of individual cells and is particularly crucial when the specimen is composed of heterogeneous entities of cells. With the growing importance of this field, significant methodological advancements have emerged recently. These include miniaturized and automated sample preparation, multi-omics analyses, and combined analyses of multiple techniques such as mass spectrometry and microscopy. Moreover, artificial intelligence and single-molecule detection technologies have advanced throughput and improved sensitivity limitations, respectively, over conventional methods. In this review, we summarize cutting-edge methodologies for single-cell proteomics and relevant emerging technologies that have been reported in the last 5 years, and provide an outlook on this research field.
在单细胞水平上研究中心法则已经引起了越来越多的关注，以揭示使用传统的批量分析无法研究的隐藏细胞谱系和功能。然而，大多数利用基因组和转录组水平的单细胞研究未能解决对蛋白质的信息，蛋白质是许多重要生物过程的核心。单细胞蛋白质组学能够理解单个细胞的功能状态，当样本由细胞的异质实体组成时尤为重要。随着该领域的重要性不断增加，最近出现了重大的方法学进展。这些进展包括微型化和自动化样本制备、多组学分析，以及将质谱和显微镜等多种技术进行组合分析。此外，人工智能和单分子检测技术分别提高了传统方法的通量和灵敏度限制。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过去 5 年中报道的单细胞蛋白质组学的最新方法学和相关新兴技术，并对该研究领域进行了展望。
