Killing two birds with one stone: A therapeutic copper-loaded bio-patch promoted abdominal wall repair via VEGF pathway.

Hernia and life-threatening intestinal obstruction often result from abdominal wall injuries, and the regeneration of abdominal wall defects is limited due to the lack of biocompatible, antibacterial and angiogenic scaffolding materials for treating injured tissues. Taking inspiration from the facile preparation of dopamine polymerization and its surface modification technology, in this study, multi-therapeutic copper element was introduced into porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) bio-patches through polydopamine (PDA) deposition, in order to regenerate abdominal wall injury. In both antibacterial assays, cytocompatibility assays and abdominal wall repair experiments, the SIS/PDA/Cu bio-patches exhibited robust antibacterial efficiency (＞99%), excellent biocompatibility to cells (＞90%), and enhanced neovascularization and improved collagen maturity compared to other commercially available patches (3.0-fold higher than the PP mesh), due to their activation of VEGF pathway. These findings indicated the bio-patch was a promising application for preventing visceral adhesion, bacterial infection, and promoting soft tissue regeneration.