Synthesis and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Novel 4-Aryl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-1-pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridines Arrest Cell Cycle and Induce Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting CDK2 and/or CDK9.

Two series of pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridine derivatives, - and -, are synthesized and evaluated for their anti-cancer potency towards Hela, MCF7, and HCT-116 cancer cell lines. Compound showed the highest anticancer activity with IC = 2.59 µM against Hela when compared with doxorubicin (IC = 2.35 µM). Compound revealed cytotoxicity IC = 4.66 and 1.98 µM towards MCF7 and HCT-116 compared to doxorubicin with IC = 4.57 and 2.11 µM, respectively. Compound exhibited cell cycle arrest at the S phase for Hela, whereas revealed an arresting cell cycle for MCF7 at G2/M phase and an arresting cell cycle at S phase in HCT-116. In addition, induced a significant level of early and late apoptosis in Hela when compared with the control cells, whereas induced an apoptosis in MCF7 and HCT-116, respectively. Compounds (IC = 26.44 ± 3.23 µM) and (IC = 21.81 ± 2.96 µM) showed good safety profiles on normal cell line WI-38. Compounds and showed good inhibition activity towards CDK2, with IC = 1.630 ± 0.009 and 0.460 ± 0.024 µM, respectively, when compared with ribociclib (IC = 0.068 ± 0.004). Furthermore, and showed inhibitory activity towards CDK9 with IC = 0.262 ± 0.013 and 0.801 ± 0.041 µM, respectively, related to IC of ribociclib = 0.050 ± 0.003. Docking study for and exhibited good fitting in the CDK2 and CDK9 active sites.