A comparison of droplet deposition modelling, fused filament fabrication, and injection moulding for the production of oral dosage forms containing hydrochlorothiazide.

Additive manufacturing (AM) possesses a transformative potential to revolutionize personalized medicine fabrication. Fused filament fabrication (FFF), an advanced AM technique, enables the development of tailored medicines with customizable dosages and controlled release properties. Nevertheless, filament prerequisites impose material limitations and present considerable challenges, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation of mechanical, rheological, and thermal characteristics to circumvent complications during the FFF process. Droplet deposition modeling (DDM), an innovative AM approach derived from injection molding (IM) technology, processes granulate feedstock to facilitate the production of personalized medicines. This study delves into the effects of FFF, DDM, and IM techniques on the release profiles of Hydrochlorothiazide, a widely employed drug for hypertension and edema treatment. By varying infill density, the investigation assesses the manufactured tablets using DDM and FFF methods. Our findings show that tablets made with FFF and DDM with identical infill densities had distinct microstructures, resulting in variable drug release profiles. Decreasing the infill densities resulted in higher sample porosity, leading to an accelerated drug release rate. A comparative analysis of drug release profiles from DDM and IM fabricated tablets demonstrated notable differences, despite DDM's origins in injection molding technology. This comprehensive study underscores the significance of not only infill densities but also the choice of manufacturing technique, as both factors can profoundly influence drug release profiles. By shedding light on these considerations, the research contributes to the ongoing advancement of personalized medicine through additive manufacturing technologies.