National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
Yi Chuan. 2023 Sep 20;45(9):741-753. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.23-194.
The impending global climate change presents significant challenges to agricultural production. It is imperative to find approaches to ensure sustained growth in food production while reducing agricultural input, in order to meet the needs of worldwide people for nutritious food supply. One of the effective strategies to address this challenge is still the development of new crop varieties with high yield, stable yield, environmental friendliness and rich nutrition. The creation of new crop cultivars depends largely on the expansion of genetic resources and the innovation of breeding techniques. domestication is an innovative breeding strategy for developing new crop varieties. It involves utilizing undomesticated or semi-domesticated plants with desirable traits as founder species for breeding. The process involves rapid domestication of wild plants through the redesign of agronomic traits and the introduction of domestication genes to meet diverse human needs. In this review, we overview the history of crop domestication and genetic improvement, clarify the necessity of enriching crop diversity, and emphasize the significance of wild plants' genetic diversity in expanding the scope for crop redesign. Breeding strategy innovation is the key to accelerate crop breeding. We also discuss the feasibility and prospects of rapid developing new crops through domestication.
迫在眉睫的全球气候变化给农业生产带来了重大挑战。当务之急是找到方法，在确保粮食生产持续增长的同时减少农业投入，以满足全世界人民对营养食品供应的需求。应对这一挑战的有效策略之一仍然是开发高产、稳产、环境友好和营养丰富的新型作物品种。新型作物品种的培育在很大程度上依赖于遗传资源的扩展和育种技术的创新。作物驯化是一种开发新型作物品种的创新育种策略。它涉及利用具有理想特性的野生或半驯化植物作为育种的原始物种。该过程通过重新设计农艺性状和引入驯化基因来快速驯化野生植物，以满足人类的多样化需求。在这篇综述中，我们概述了作物驯化和遗传改良的历史，阐明了丰富作物多样性的必要性，并强调了野生植物遗传多样性在扩大作物重新设计范围方面的重要性。育种策略创新是加速作物育种的关键。我们还讨论了通过作物驯化快速开发新型作物的可行性和前景。
