Wang Kun, Niu Yifan, Lu Zhenzhen, Duo Boyang, Effah Clement Yaw, Guan Lina
Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Henan Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Front Nutr. 2023 Sep 6;10:1222536. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1222536. eCollection 2023.
Previous cohort trials have shown that skipping breakfast increases the risk of obesity or overweight in children. However, this finding remains controversial. Through a meta-analysis, this study systematically evaluated the effect of skipping breakfast on the prevalence of obesity or overweight in children.
We performed a literature search for studies published until March 19, 2023. using the Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, observational studies on the relationship between skipping breakfast and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents were analyzed. Three investigators independently screened the relevant literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects model was used. The odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval () was used to indicate the effect size.
A total of 40 retrospective studies with 323,244 children ranging in age from 2 to 20 years were included in this study. The results of this meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents who skipped breakfast had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity or overweight than those who ate breakfast (OR, 1.59; , 1.33-1.90; < 0.001). Skipping breakfast was positively associated with overweight in children and adolescents (OR, 1.37; , 1.23-1.54; < 0.001). Similarly, skipping breakfast was positively associated with obesity in children and adolescents (OR, 1.51; , 1.30-1.76; < 0.001). The effect was also different by sex, with girls being the most affected (OR, 1.47; , 1.23-1.76; < 0.001). There was also a correlation between skipping breakfast and abdominal obesity in children (OR, 0.65; , 0.55-0.77; < 0.001).
This meta-analysis suggested that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. The findings provide support for a possible protective role of breakfast against excessive weight gain in children and adolescents. However, more rigorous study designs with validated and standardized measures of relevant variables are needed.
既往队列试验表明，不吃早餐会增加儿童肥胖或超重的风险。然而，这一发现仍存在争议。通过一项荟萃分析，本研究系统评估了不吃早餐对儿童肥胖或超重患病率的影响。
我们对截至2023年3月19日发表的研究进行了文献检索，使用Cochrane、PubMed和Embase数据库。根据纳入和排除标准，分析了关于儿童和青少年不吃早餐与超重/肥胖之间关系的观察性研究。三位研究人员独立筛选相关文献、提取数据并评估偏倚风险。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）评估纳入研究的质量。采用随机效应模型。比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（）用于表示效应大小。
本研究共纳入40项回顾性研究，涉及323244名年龄在2至20岁之间的儿童。该荟萃分析结果显示，不吃早餐的儿童和青少年肥胖或超重的患病率显著高于吃早餐的儿童和青少年（OR，1.59；，1.33 - 1.90；<0.001）。不吃早餐与儿童和青少年超重呈正相关（OR，1.37；，1.23 - 1.54；<0.001）。同样，不吃早餐与儿童和青少年肥胖呈正相关（OR，1.51；，1.30 - 1.76；<0.001）。这种影响在性别上也有所不同，女孩受影响最大（OR，1.47；，1.23 - 1.76；<0.001）。不吃早餐与儿童腹部肥胖之间也存在相关性（OR，0.65；，0.55 - 0.77；<0.001）。
这项荟萃分析表明，不吃早餐与儿童和青少年超重/肥胖风险增加有关。这些发现为早餐对儿童和青少年预防体重过度增加可能具有的保护作用提供了支持。然而，需要更严格的研究设计以及对相关变量进行有效和标准化的测量。
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