Department of Veterinary Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 20;24(18):14319. doi: 10.3390/ijms241814319.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of global mortality with 1.7 million deaths a year. One of the alternative systems to drug therapy to minimize the risk of CVDs is represented by alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid of the omega-3 series, known for its cholesterol-lowering effect. The main purpose of this review is to analyze the effects of ALA and investigate the relevant omega-6/omega-3 ratio in order to maintain functionally beneficial effects. Concerning the lipid-lowering preventive effects, ALA may favorably affect the values of LDL-C and triglycerides in both adult and pediatric populations. Furthermore, ALA has shown protective effects against hypertension, contributing to balancing blood pressure through customary diet. According to the 2009 EFSA statement, dietary ALA may contribute to reducing the risk of CVDs, thanks to anti-hypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球死亡的主要原因，每年有 170 万人因此死亡。为了降低 CVD 风险，除了药物治疗，另一种替代方法是使用α-亚麻酸（ALA），这是一种ω-3 系列的必需脂肪酸，以降低胆固醇的作用而闻名。本次综述的主要目的是分析 ALA 的作用，并研究相关的 ω-6/ω-3 比例，以保持其功能有益的效果。关于降脂预防作用，ALA 可能会对成人和儿童群体的 LDL-C 和甘油三酯值产生有利影响。此外，ALA 对高血压有保护作用，有助于通过常规饮食平衡血压。根据 2009 年 EFSA 的声明，饮食中的 ALA 可能有助于降低 CVDs 的风险，这要归功于其抗高血压、抗动脉粥样硬化和心脏保护作用。
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