Hypolipidemic, Hypoglycemic, Antihyperglycemic, and Antioxidant Effects of Leaf Extract and Fractions in Diabetic Mice.

BACKGROUND

is an evergreen, dioecious tree found in Ethiopia and other African nations. It can reach a height of 60 meters. Without any scientific validation, ethnobotanical studies conducted in Ethiopia revealed that the plant's leaf is consumed orally to treat diabetes mellitus. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the blood glucose level lowering, lipid-lowering, and -free radical scavenging responses of s leaf extract and fractions on experimental mice induced with diabetes.

METHODS

The antioxidant activity of PGC () leaf extract was assessed by using a diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The oral glucose-loaded, normoglycemic, and streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mouse models were employed. In the STZ-induced mice model, the leaf extract and solvent fractions activity on serum lipid and weight were also measured. The extract and fractions were tested at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dosages. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance of BGL (blood glucose level) changes within and between groups, and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons were then performed.

RESULTS

In the acute toxicity study of leaf extract and fractions, there was no evidence of animal mortality at the maximum dose of 2 g/kg during the observation period. The extract-treated group with normoglycemia revealed a significant lowering in BGL at the 4-hour mark of 27.4% ( < 0.001) and 25.2% ( < 0.01) at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, compared to that in negative control. In the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) model, only 400 mg/kg treated groups at 120 min after exposure showed a BGL reduction of 31.17% which was statistically significant ( < 0.05) in comparison to the negative control. In the single-dose STZ-induced model, eighth-hour BGL measurements from CE 100, CE 200, CE 400, and GLC5 showed drops in BGL of 43.1%, 44.1%, 45%, and 47.3% from baseline fasting BGL values. In the repeated streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model, at all doses of leaf extract and fractions, the fasting BGL was significantly ( < 0.001) reduced. Moreover, the leaf extract and solvent fractions have shown a significant ( < 0.001) reduction of serum lipids such as LDL, TC, and VLDL, and at the same time, it increases HDL at 14 days with body weight gained. In the test for antioxidant activity, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC) for leaf extract and the standard medication (ascorbic acid) were 8.2 g/ml and 3.3 g/ml, respectively. The IC value denotes the concentration of the sample required to scavenge 50% DPPH radicals.

CONCLUSION

The 80% hydromethanolic leaf extract and fractions of exhibited blood glucose lowering, lipid-lowering activity in normoglycemic, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) mode, and STZ-induced diabetic mice with weight gains. There is scientific support for the alleged traditional use as an antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, and antioxidant activity. The results need to be confirmed by future studies.