Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago - College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
J Innate Immun. 2023;15(1):782-803. doi: 10.1159/000534872. Epub 2023 Oct 27.
The innate immune system is the first line of defense against microbial pathogens and is essential for maintaining good health. If pathogens breach innate barriers, the likelihood of infection is significantly increased. Many bacterial pathogens pose a threat to human health on account of their ability to evade innate immunity and survive in growth-restricted environments. These pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to obtain nutrients as well as manipulate innate immune responses, resulting in disease or chronic infection.
The relationship between bacterial metabolism and innate immunity is complex. Although aspects of bacterial metabolism can be beneficial to the host, particularly those related to the microbiota and barrier integrity, others can be harmful. Several bacterial pathogens harness metabolism to evade immune responses and persist during infection. The study of these adaptive traits provides insight into the roles of microbial metabolism in pathogenesis that extend beyond energy balance. This review considers recent studies on bacterial metabolic pathways that promote infection by circumventing several facets of the innate immune system. We also discuss relationships between innate immunity and antibiotics and highlight future directions for research in this field.
Pathogenic bacteria have a remarkable capacity to harness metabolism to manipulate immune responses and promote pathogenesis. While we are beginning to understand the multifaceted and complex metabolic adaptations that occur during infection, there is still much to uncover with future research.
先天免疫系统是抵御微生物病原体的第一道防线，对于维持身体健康至关重要。如果病原体突破先天屏障，感染的可能性就会大大增加。许多细菌病原体能够逃避先天免疫并在生长受限的环境中存活，从而对人类健康构成威胁。这些病原体已经进化出了复杂的策略来获取营养物质并操纵先天免疫反应，导致疾病或慢性感染。
细菌代谢与先天免疫之间的关系很复杂。尽管细菌代谢的某些方面对宿主有益，特别是与微生物组和屏障完整性相关的方面，但其他方面可能是有害的。一些细菌病原体利用代谢来逃避免疫反应并在感染期间持续存在。研究这些适应性特征可以深入了解微生物代谢在发病机制中的作用，这些作用超出了能量平衡的范畴。本文综述了近期关于促进感染的细菌代谢途径的研究，这些途径通过规避先天免疫系统的几个方面来实现。我们还讨论了先天免疫与抗生素之间的关系，并强调了该领域未来研究的方向。
致病菌具有利用代谢来操纵免疫反应并促进发病机制的惊人能力。虽然我们开始理解感染过程中发生的多方面和复杂的代谢适应，但仍有许多需要通过未来的研究来揭示。
