College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Aging Dis. 2023 Nov 20;15(6):2417-2452. doi: 10.14336/AD.2023.1115.
With the aging of the global population, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases has been increasing, seriously affecting people's health. As people age, the microenvironment within skeleton favors bone resorption and inhibits bone formation, accompanied by bone marrow fat accumulation and multiple cellular senescence. Specifically, skeletal stem/stromal cells (SSCs) during aging tend to undergo adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis. Meanwhile, osteoblasts, as well as osteocytes, showed increased apoptosis, decreased quantity, and multiple functional limitations including impaired mechanical sensing, intercellular modulation, and exosome secretion. Also, the bone resorption function of macrophage-lineage cells (including osteoclasts and preosteoclasts) was significantly enhanced, as well as impaired vascularization and innervation. In this study, we systematically reviewed the effect of aging on bone and the within microenvironment (including skeletal cells as well as their intracellular structure variations, vascular structures, innervation, marrow fat distribution, and lymphatic system) caused by aging, and mechanisms of osteoimmune regulation of the bone environment in the aging state, and the causal relationship with multiple musculoskeletal diseases in addition with their potential therapeutic strategy.
随着全球人口老龄化，肌肉骨骼疾病的发病率不断上升，严重影响人们的健康。随着年龄的增长，骨骼内的微环境有利于骨质吸收而抑制骨质形成，同时伴有骨髓脂肪积累和多种细胞衰老。具体来说，衰老过程中的骨骼干/基质细胞（SSCs）倾向于发生脂肪生成而不是成骨。同时，成骨细胞和破骨细胞的凋亡增加，数量减少，并且存在多种功能限制，包括机械感知、细胞间调节和外泌体分泌受损。此外，巨噬细胞谱系细胞（包括破骨细胞和前破骨细胞）的骨质吸收功能显著增强，同时血管生成和神经支配受损。在这项研究中，我们系统地回顾了衰老对骨骼和衰老引起的微环境（包括骨骼细胞及其细胞内结构变化、血管结构、神经支配、骨髓脂肪分布和淋巴系统）的影响，以及衰老状态下骨环境的骨免疫调节机制，以及与多种肌肉骨骼疾病的因果关系及其潜在的治疗策略。
