Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
Nutr Res. 2024 Jan;121:82-94. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.10.007. Epub 2023 Nov 4.
Dietary modifications are essential strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention. However, studies are needed to investigate the diet quality of individuals undergoing secondary prevention in cardiology and who received dietary intervention based on cardiovascular disease management. We prospectively evaluated the diet quality in the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program Trial (BALANCE Program Trial). We hypothesized that the BALANCE Program could improve patients' dietary pattern according to different indices of diet quality such as the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII); the dietary total antioxidant capacity; overall, healthful, and unhealthful Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI, hPDI, and uPDI, respectively); and modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI). This multicenter randomized, controlled trial included patients aged ≥45 years randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Data from 2185 participants at baseline and after 12, 24, 36, and 48 months showed that the intervention group (n = 1077) had lower mean values of DII and higher dietary total antioxidant capacity, PDI, hPDI, and mAHEI than the control group. The results also showed differences between the follow-up times for DII, hPDI, and uPDI (48 months vs baseline) and for PDI and mAHEI (24 months vs baseline), regardless of group. The interaction analysis demonstrated that the intervention group showed better results than the control group at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months for the DII and at months 12, 36, and 48 for the mAHEI. Our results provide prospective evidence that the BALANCE Program improved the diet quality in those in secondary cardiovascular prevention according to different indices, with the intervention group showing better results than the control group.
饮食调整是预防心血管疾病的重要策略。然而，仍需要研究以调查心脏病学中进行二级预防并根据心血管疾病管理接受饮食干预的个体的饮食质量。我们前瞻性地评估了巴西心脏保护营养计划试验（BALANCE 计划试验）中的饮食质量。我们假设 BALANCE 计划可以根据不同的饮食质量指数改善患者的饮食模式，如饮食炎症指数（DII）；饮食总抗氧化能力；整体、健康和不健康的植物性饮食指数（PDI、hPDI 和 uPDI）；以及改良替代健康饮食指数（mAHEI）。这项多中心随机对照试验纳入了年龄≥45 岁的患者，他们被随机分配到实验组或对照组。在基线和 12、24、36 和 48 个月时，来自 2185 名参与者的数据显示，干预组（n=1077）的 DII 平均值较低，饮食总抗氧化能力、PDI、hPDI 和 mAHEI 较高。结果还显示，DII、hPDI 和 uPDI（48 个月与基线）以及 PDI 和 mAHEI（24 个月与基线）的随访时间之间存在差异，而与组无关。交互分析表明，在 12、24、36 和 48 个月时，干预组的 DII 结果优于对照组，在 12、36 和 48 个月时，mAHEI 的结果也优于对照组。我们的结果提供了前瞻性证据，表明 BALANCE 计划根据不同的指数改善了二级心血管预防人群的饮食质量，干预组的结果优于对照组。
