利用卫星DNA作为染色体标记对菊科莴苣属四个物种进行基因组研究

Genome Studies in Four Species of L. (Asteraceae) Using Satellite DNAs as Chromosome Markers.

作者信息

Samatadze Tatiana E, Yurkevich Olga Yu, Khazieva Firdaus M, Basalaeva Irina V, Savchenko Olga M, Zoshchuk Svyatoslav A, Morozov Alexander I, Amosova Alexandra V, Muravenko Olga V

机构信息

Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia.

All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St., 117216 Moscow, Russia.

出版信息

Plants (Basel). 2023 Dec 2;12(23):4056. doi: 10.3390/plants12234056.

DOI:10.3390/plants12234056

PMID:38068691

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10708038/

Abstract

The taxonomically challenging genus L. (Asteraceae) includes lots of medicinal species characterized by their high morphological and karyological variability. For the first time, a repeatome analysis of a valuable medicinal plant L. was carried out using high-throughput genome DNA sequencing and RepeatExplorer/TAREAN pipelines. The FISH-based visualization of the 45S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and satellite DNAs of was performed on the chromosomes of , Cav., Rupr., and L. Three satellite DNAs were demonstrated to be new molecular chromosome markers to study the karyotype structure. Karyograms of the studied species were constructed, their ploidy status was specified, and their relationships were clarified. Our results showed that the karyotype differed from the karyotypes of the other three species, indicating its separate position in the phylogeny. However, the presence of common repeats revealed in the genomes of all the studied species could be related to their common origin. Our findings demonstrated that contributed its genome to allotetraploid , and is an allohexaploid hybrid between and . At the same time, further karyotype studies of various species are required to clarify the pathways of chromosomal reorganization that occurred during speciation.

摘要

分类学上具有挑战性的L.属（菊科）包含许多药用物种，其特点是形态学和核型具有高度变异性。首次使用高通量基因组DNA测序和RepeatExplorer/TAREAN管道对一种有价值的药用植物L.进行了重复序列组分析。基于荧光原位杂交（FISH）对L.、Cav.、Rupr.和L.的染色体上的45S rDNA、5S rDNA和卫星DNA进行了可视化分析。三种卫星DNA被证明是研究核型结构的新分子染色体标记。构建了所研究物种的核型图，确定了它们的倍性状态，并阐明了它们之间的关系。我们的结果表明，L.的核型与其他三个物种的核型不同，表明其在L.系统发育中的独立位置。然而，在所有研究物种的基因组中发现的共同重复序列可能与其共同起源有关。我们的研究结果表明，L.为异源四倍体L.贡献了其基因组，L.是L.和L.之间的异源六倍体杂种。同时 ,需要对各种L.物种进行进一步的核型研究，以阐明物种形成过程中发生的染色体重组途径。