Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Sklodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 3;24(23):17078. doi: 10.3390/ijms242317078.
The cells and numerous macromolecules of living organisms carry an array of simple and complex carbohydrates on their surface, which may be recognized by many types of proteins, including lectins. Human macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL, also known as hMGL/CLEC10A/CD301) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) specific to glycans containing terminal GalNAc residue, such as Tn antigen or LacdiNAc but also sialylated Tn antigens. Macrophage galactose-type lectin (MGL) exhibits immunosuppressive properties, thus facilitating the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Hence, MGL is exploited by tumors and some pathogens to trick the host immune system and induce an immunosuppressive environment to escape immune control. The aims of this article are to discuss the immunological outcomes of human MGL ligand recognition, provide insights into the molecular aspects of these interactions, and review the MGL ligands discovered so far. Lastly, based on the human fetoembryonic defense system (Hu-FEDS) hypothesis, this paper raises the question as to whether MGL-mediated interactions may be relevant in the development of maternal tolerance toward male gametes and the fetus.
活细胞及其众多大分子在其表面携带一系列简单和复杂的碳水化合物，这些碳水化合物可能被许多类型的蛋白质识别，包括凝集素。人巨噬细胞半乳糖型凝集素（MGL，也称为 hMGL/CLEC10A/CD301）是一种 C 型凝集素受体，表达于专业抗原呈递细胞（APC）上，特异性识别含有末端 GalNAc 残基的聚糖，如 Tn 抗原或 LacdiNAc，但也识别唾液酸化的 Tn 抗原。巨噬细胞半乳糖型凝集素（MGL）具有免疫抑制特性，从而有助于维持免疫稳态。因此，MGL 被肿瘤和一些病原体利用来欺骗宿主免疫系统，并诱导免疫抑制环境以逃避免疫控制。本文的目的是讨论人 MGL 配体识别的免疫学结果，深入了解这些相互作用的分子方面，并回顾迄今为止发现的 MGL 配体。最后，基于人胚胎防御系统（Hu-FEDS）假说，本文提出了一个问题，即 MGL 介导的相互作用是否与母体对雄性配子和胎儿的耐受性的发展有关。
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