[银川市销售的牛奶及乳制品脂肪酸组成分析与营养评价]

[Fatty acid composition analysis and nutrition evaluation of milk and dairy products sold in Yinchuan City].

作者信息

An Jingjing, Qin Yingxu, Li Wenjing, Liu Yuan

机构信息

Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750004, China.

出版信息

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2023 Nov;52(6):900-906. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.06.007.

DOI:10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.06.007

PMID:38115653

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To analyze fatty acid composition of milk and dairy products sold in Yinchuan City, and to evaluate their nutritional value.

METHODS

Twenty-two types of milk and dairy products were collected in 2022-2023, including 14 types produced in Ningxia and 8 types not produced in Ningxia. Fatty acids were determined and analyzed according to the first method of National Standard for Food Safety Determination of fatty acids in Food(GB 5009.168-2016). The fatty acid polyunsaturated index(PI), atherogenic index(AI) and thrombosis index(TI) were used to evaluate the nutritional value of milk and dairy products.

RESULTS

There were 25 kinds of fatty acids in milk and dairy products produced in Ningxia, which were more than those not produced in Ningxia. The main saturated fatty acids(SFA)were palmitic acid(30.14%-42.57%), the main monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA)were oleic acid(15.45%-25.21%), the main polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)were linoleic acid(1.79%-9.37%), the content of α-linolenic acid was 0.04%-0.95%, n-3 PUFA was 0.14%-0.95%. Oleic acid of adult milk powder, sheep milk powder, pure milk and Ningxia wolfberry milk were higher than others, linoleic acid of adult milk powder and walnut milk were higher than others. The value of oleic acid and linoleic acid of Ningxia pure milk was higher than that in imported pure milk, and the value of n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA was much lower than that in imported pure milk. The content of oleic acid and linoleic acid in Ningxia wolfberry milk was close to that of pure milk, higher than that of children's milk, and the total fat content was lower than that of children's milk. The n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio of concentrated milk, walnut milk, sweet milk, pure milk, Ningxia wolfberry milk, adult milk powder 1, sheep milk powder was close to the ideal intake value of dietary fatty acids recommended by the Chinese Nutrition Society. Except for low-fat pure milk, ice cream yogurt, imported pure milk, children's milk 1, adult milk powder 1 and sheep milk powder, the n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio of other milk and dairy products in Ningxia were close to the recommended value of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. SFA∶MUFA∶PUFA was(1.99-4.23) ∶1∶(0.08-0.38), PI range: 1.87-11.27, AI range: 1.67-4.32, TI range: 2.34-5.76.

CONCLUSION

The fatty acid composition of 22 types of milk and dairy products in Yinchuan City was different, and the nutrition was slightly different.

摘要

目的

分析银川市销售的牛奶及乳制品的脂肪酸组成，并评估其营养价值。

方法

于2022 - 2023年采集了22种牛奶及乳制品，其中宁夏产14种，非宁夏产8种。按照食品安全国家标准《食品中脂肪酸的测定》（GB 5009.168 - 2016）第一法测定并分析脂肪酸。采用脂肪酸多不饱和指数（PI）、致动脉粥样硬化指数（AI）和血栓形成指数（TI）评估牛奶及乳制品的营养价值。

结果

宁夏产牛奶及乳制品中含有25种脂肪酸，多于非宁夏产的。主要饱和脂肪酸（SFA）为棕榈酸（30.14% - 42.57%），主要单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）为油酸（15.45% - 25.21%），主要多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）为亚油酸（1.79% - 9.37%），α-亚麻酸含量为0.04% - 0.95%，n - 3多不饱和脂肪酸为0.14% - 0.95%。成人奶粉、羊奶粉、纯牛奶和宁夏枸杞奶中油酸含量高于其他产品，成人奶粉和核桃奶中亚油酸含量高于其他产品。宁夏纯牛奶中油酸和亚油酸的值高于进口纯牛奶，n - 6多不饱和脂肪酸/n - 3多不饱和脂肪酸的值远低于进口纯牛奶。宁夏枸杞奶中油酸和亚油酸含量与纯牛奶相近，高于儿童牛奶，且总脂肪含量低于儿童牛奶。浓缩奶、核桃奶、甜牛奶、纯牛奶、宁夏枸杞奶、成人奶粉1、羊奶粉的n - 6多不饱和脂肪酸/n - 3多不饱和脂肪酸比值接近中国营养学会推荐的膳食脂肪酸理想摄入量值。除低脂纯牛奶、冰淇淋酸奶、进口纯牛奶、儿童牛奶1、成人奶粉1和羊奶粉外，宁夏其他牛奶及乳制品的n - 6多不饱和脂肪酸/n - 3多不饱和脂肪酸比值接近联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织的推荐值。SFA∶MUFA∶PUFA为（1.99 - 4.23）∶1∶（0.08 - 0.38），PI范围：1.87 - 11.27，AI范围：1.67 - 4.32，TI范围：2.34 - 5.76。