Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2023 Dec 20;9(1):104. doi: 10.1038/s41522-023-00461-w.
Although mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are generally safe and effective, in certain immunocompromised individuals they can elicit poor immunogenic responses. Among these individuals, people living with HIV (PLWH) have poor immunogenicity to several oral and parenteral vaccines. As the gut microbiome is known to affect vaccine immunogenicity, we investigated whether baseline gut microbiota predicts immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy controls and PLWH after two doses of BNT162b2. Individuals with high spike IgG titers and high spike-specific CD4 T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 showed low α-diversity in the gut. Here, we investigated and presented initial evidence that the gut microbial composition influences the response to BNT162b2 in PLWH. From our predictive models, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium appeared to be microbial markers of individuals with higher spike IgG titers, while Cloacibacillus was associated with low spike IgG titers. We therefore propose that microbiome modulation could optimize immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
尽管 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 疫苗通常是安全有效的，但在某些免疫功能低下的个体中，它们可能会引起较差的免疫反应。在这些个体中，HIV 感染者（PLWH）对几种口服和肌肉注射疫苗的免疫原性较差。由于肠道微生物组已知会影响疫苗的免疫原性，我们研究了基线肠道微生物组是否可以预测健康对照组和接受两剂 BNT162b2 后的 PLWH 对 BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的免疫反应。针对 SARS-CoV-2 具有高刺突 IgG 滴度和高刺突特异性 CD4 T 细胞反应的个体在肠道中具有低 α 多样性。在这里，我们研究并提供了初步证据，表明肠道微生物组成会影响 PLWH 对 BNT162b2 的反应。从我们的预测模型中，双歧杆菌和粪杆菌似乎是具有更高刺突 IgG 滴度个体的微生物标志物，而栖粪杆菌与低刺突 IgG 滴度相关。因此，我们提出肠道微生物组调节可能优化 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗的免疫原性。
