College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
Health Management Center, AnQing Municipal Hospital, Anqing, Anhui, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Dec 7;14:1282612. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282612. eCollection 2023.
The immune background of the overall population before and after the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in China remains unexplored. And the level of neutralizing antibodies is a reliable indicator of individual immunity.
This study aimed to assess the immune levels of different population groups during a viral outbreak and identify the factors influencing these levels.
We measured the levels of neutralizing antibodies in 12,137 participants using the COVID19 Neutralizing Antibody Detection kit. The dynamics of neutralizing antibodies were analyzed using a generalized additive model, while a generalized linear model and multi-factor analysis of variance were employed to investigate the influencing factors. Additionally, statistical methods were used to compare neutralizing antibody levels among subgroups of the real-world population.
Participants who received booster doses exhibited significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to those who received only one or two doses (p<0.001). Both elderly [22.55 (5.12, 62.03) IU/mL, 55%] and minors [21.41 (8.15, 45.06) IU/mL, 56%] showed lower positivity rates and neutralizing antibody levels compared to young adults [29.30 (9.82, 188.08) IU/mL, 62%] (p<0.001). Furthermore, the HIV-positive group demonstrated a slightly lower seropositivity rate compared to the healthy group across the three vaccination time points. Notably, three months after the large-scale infection, both the neutralizing antibody level and positivity rate in real-world populations were higher than the previous record [300 (300, 300) IU/mL, 89%; 27.10 (8.77, 139.28) IU/mL, 60%], and this difference was statistically significant.
Increasing vaccine dosage enhances neutralizing antibody levels, resulting in greater and longer-lasting immunity. Monitoring immune levels in older individuals and those with AIDS is crucial. Additionally, the neutralizing antibodies generated from vaccination have not yet reached the threshold for achieving herd immunity, while individuals exhibit higher immune levels following a large-scale infection. These findings provide valuable insights for guiding new strategies in vaccine administration.
在中国爆发 SARS-CoV-2 之前和之后，总体人群的免疫背景仍不清楚。而中和抗体水平是个体免疫的可靠指标。
本研究旨在评估病毒爆发期间不同人群群体的免疫水平，并确定影响这些水平的因素。
我们使用 COVID19 中和抗体检测试剂盒测量了 12137 名参与者的中和抗体水平。使用广义加性模型分析中和抗体的动态变化，使用广义线性模型和多因素方差分析研究影响因素。此外，还使用统计方法比较了真实人群亚组的中和抗体水平。
与仅接种 1 剂或 2 剂的参与者相比，接受加强剂接种的参与者的中和抗体水平显著更高（p<0.001）。老年人[22.55（5.12，62.03）IU/mL，55%]和未成年人[21.41（8.15，45.06）IU/mL，56%]的阳性率和中和抗体水平均低于年轻成年人[29.30（9.82，188.08）IU/mL，62%]（p<0.001）。此外，在三个接种时间点，HIV 阳性组的血清阳性率略低于健康组。值得注意的是，在大规模感染三个月后，真实人群的中和抗体水平和阳性率均高于以往记录[300（300，300）IU/mL，89%；27.10（8.77，139.28）IU/mL，60%]，且差异具有统计学意义。
增加疫苗剂量可提高中和抗体水平，从而增强和延长免疫力。监测老年人和 AIDS 患者的免疫水平至关重要。此外，疫苗接种产生的中和抗体尚未达到实现群体免疫的阈值，而大规模感染后个体的免疫水平更高。这些发现为指导疫苗接种新策略提供了有价值的见解。
