Alshakarah Amirah, Muriyah Deema, Alsaghir Felwah, Alanzi Rana, Almalki Sara, Alsadan Sarah, Alotaibi Anwar B, Alshaalan Rasha, Albrahim Tarfa
Department of Health Sciences and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU.
Research, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, SAU.
Cureus. 2023 Dec 2;15(12):e49839. doi: 10.7759/cureus.49839. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Despite the significant burden of CVD, knowledge and awareness of its risk factors among women are low. This review aimed to identify CVD awareness, knowledge, and risk factors for women of reproductive age from different countries and variables that influence health outcomes. Studies published from 2000 to 2023 were reviewed using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and electronic databases. A total of 50 studies were found, and 41 were excluded. The keywords used were "Knowledge of the risk factor of heart disease," "cardiac risk factors," "cardiovascular disease," "heart disease awareness," and "heart disease," combined with "women" and "reproductive age." The review revealed significant gaps in the general awareness and knowledge of CVD risk factors among women of reproductive age. Many women were unaware of the symptoms and risk factors associated with CVD, leading to delayed diagnosis and poorer outcomes. Lack of education, low socioeconomic status, and limited access to healthcare were identified as contributing factors to this knowledge gap. Young women, particularly those with poor pregnancy outcomes, demonstrated limited awareness and perception of CVD risk. The findings suggest significant gaps in general awareness, knowledge of CVD risk, risk factors among women of reproductive age from different countries, and factors that influence their health outcomes. Targeted interventions are urgently needed to improve awareness and knowledge of CVD among women of reproductive age. Efforts should focus on educating women about CVD risk factors and prevention strategies before symptoms arise. Addressing socioeconomic and educational disparities is crucial to bridging the gap in awareness. By enhancing awareness and knowledge, women can be empowered to take preventive actions and reduce their risk of developing CVD. As a result, we recommend that there are significant opportunities to educate women about CVD risk and prevention before symptoms arise. In addition, there is a need to develop effective interventions to raise awareness among women of reproductive age to close the gap in awareness and knowledge of CVD.
心血管疾病（CVD）是女性发病和死亡的主要原因。尽管心血管疾病负担沉重，但女性对其危险因素的了解和认识却很低。本综述旨在确定不同国家育龄女性对心血管疾病的认识、知识以及危险因素，以及影响健康结果的变量。使用PubMed、ScienceDirect、爱思唯尔和电子数据库对2000年至2023年发表的研究进行了综述。共找到50项研究，排除41项。使用的关键词为“心脏病危险因素知识”“心脏危险因素”“心血管疾病”“心脏病认识”和“心脏病”，并与“女性”和“育龄”相结合。该综述揭示了育龄女性对心血管疾病危险因素的总体认识和知识存在重大差距。许多女性不知道与心血管疾病相关的症状和危险因素，导致诊断延迟和预后较差。缺乏教育、社会经济地位低以及获得医疗保健的机会有限被确定为造成这一知识差距的因素。年轻女性，尤其是那些妊娠结局不佳的女性，对心血管疾病风险的认识和认知有限。研究结果表明，不同国家育龄女性在总体认识、心血管疾病风险知识、危险因素以及影响其健康结果的因素方面存在重大差距。迫切需要有针对性的干预措施来提高育龄女性对心血管疾病的认识和知识。应努力在症状出现之前对女性进行心血管疾病危险因素和预防策略的教育。解决社会经济和教育差距对于弥合认识差距至关重要。通过提高认识和知识，女性能够有能力采取预防行动并降低患心血管疾病的风险。因此，我们建议在症状出现之前有很大的机会对女性进行心血管疾病风险和预防教育。此外，需要制定有效的干预措施来提高育龄女性的认识，以缩小对心血管疾病的认识和知识差距。
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