Incidental carcinoma of the prostate in cystoprostatectomy specimens - is it always a toothless lion?

Incidental prostate carcinoma (iPC) is a subject of debate concerning its definition, incidence, biology, diagnosis, staging, and treatment. The present study aimed to assess the incidence and main clinical-morphological characteristics of iPC identified in radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) specimens over a 5-year period. Using the database of the Urology and Pathology Departments, we identified all patients with bladder carcinomas (BCs) who underwent RCP within a 5-year frame time. We selected only those patients with synchronous BC and prostate carcinoma (PC). The following parameters were analyzed for these patients: age, type of bladder and prostate tumor, degree of differentiation, pathological stage, and other prognostic parameters. We identified 91 men with bladder tumors treated by RCP among whom 43, aged between 53 and 84 years (mean age: 69.2 years), presented synchronous PC. iPC was more prevalent in older individuals (>65 years: 30 patients, 69.8%), with only six out of the 43 (12.8%) patients with iPC being aged ≤60 years. All iPC cases were conventional adenocarcinoma. Well-differentiated prostate adenocarcinomas (grade group 1) predominated (65.1%). Among the 43 iPCs, 16 (37.2%) were clinically significant PCs. iPC is frequently identified in patients with BC when inclusion and evaluation of all or most of the prostate tissue are performed. Although more than half of iPCs were well-differentiated tumors confined to the prostate, a significant number of cases met the criteria of clinically significant PC. All men over the age of 50 who are candidates for RCP, should undergo evaluation through serum prostate specific antigen determination.