Fanelli Marialaura, Petrone Vita, Maracchioni Christian, Chirico Rossella, Cipriani Chiara, Coppola Luigi, Malagnino Vincenzo, Teti Elisabetta, Sorace Chiara, Zordan Marta, Vitale Pietro, Iannetta Marco, Balestrieri Emanuela, Rasi Guido, Grelli Sandro, Malergue Fabrice, Sarmati Loredana, Minutolo Antonella, Matteucci Claudia
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1 - 00133, Rome, 00133, Italy.
Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
Curr Res Microb Sci. 2023 Dec 12;6:100215. doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100215. eCollection 2024.
The use of CD169 as a marker of viral infection has been widely discussed in the context of COVID-19, and in particular, its crucial role in the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the severity and clinical outcome of COVID-19 were demonstrated. COVID-19 patients show relevant systemic alteration and immunological dysfunction that persists in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). It is critical to implement the characterization of the disease, focusing also on the possible impact of the different COVID-19 waves and the consequent effects found after infection. On this basis, we evaluated by flow cytometry the expression of CD169 and HLA-DR on monocytes from COVID-19 patients and PASC individuals to better elucidate their involvement in immunological dysfunction, also evaluating the possible impact of different pandemic waves. The results confirm CD169 RMFI is a good marker of viral infection. Moreover, COVID-19 patients and PASC individuals showed high percentage of CD169+ monocytes, but low percentage of HLA-DR+ monocytes and the alteration of systemic inflammatory indices. We have also observed alterations of CD169 and HLA-DR expression and indices of inflammation upon different COVID-19 waves. The persistence of specific myeloid subpopulations suggests a role of CD169+ monocytes and HLA-DR in COVID-19 disease and chronic post-infection inflammation, opening new opportunities to evaluate the impact of specific pandemic waves on the immune response impairment and systemic alterations with the perspective to provide new tools to monitoring new variants and diseases associated to emerging respiratory viruses.
在新冠疫情的背景下，CD169作为病毒感染标志物的应用已得到广泛讨论，特别是其在早期检测严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）感染中的关键作用，以及其与新冠病毒病（COVID-19）严重程度和临床结局的关联已得到证实。COVID-19患者表现出相关的全身改变和免疫功能障碍，这种情况在患有SARS-CoV-2感染后急性后遗症（PASC）的个体中持续存在。对该疾病进行特征描述至关重要，同时还要关注不同新冠疫情浪潮的可能影响以及感染后产生的后续效应。在此基础上，我们通过流式细胞术评估了COVID-19患者和PASC个体单核细胞上CD169和人类白细胞抗原DR（HLA-DR）的表达，以更好地阐明它们在免疫功能障碍中的作用，同时评估不同疫情浪潮的可能影响。结果证实CD169平均荧光强度比值（RMFI）是病毒感染的良好标志物。此外，COVID-19患者和PASC个体显示出CD169+单核细胞百分比高，但HLA-DR+单核细胞百分比低以及全身炎症指标改变。我们还观察到不同新冠疫情浪潮下CD169和HLA-DR表达以及炎症指标的变化。特定髓系亚群的持续存在表明CD169+单核细胞和HLA-DR在COVID-19疾病和感染后慢性炎症中发挥作用，为评估特定疫情浪潮对免疫反应损伤和全身改变的影响开辟了新机会，有望提供监测新变种和与新兴呼吸道病毒相关疾病的新工具。
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