Xiao Xingning, He Miao, Ma Lingyan, Lv Wentao, Huang Kang, Yang Hua, Li Yanbin, Zou Likou, Xiao Yingping, Wang Wen
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, MOA Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Hangzhou), Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China; College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Apr 15;468:133811. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133811. Epub 2024 Feb 16.
Chlorine and its derivatives, such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and chlorine dioxide, are frequently employed as disinfectants throughout the pork supply chain in China. Nevertheless, the extensive use of NaClO has the potential to cause the creation of 'chlorine-tolerant bacteria' and accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the efficacy of NaClO disinfection by examining alterations in the microbiome and resistome of a pork wholesale market (PWM), and bacteria isolation and analysis were performed to validate the findings. As expected, the taxonomic compositions of bacteria was significantly different before and after disinfection. Notably, Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), Salmonella bongori (S. bongori), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were observed on all surfaces, indicating that the application of NaClO disinfection treatment in PWM environments for pathogenic bacteria is limited. Correlations were identified between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with aminoglycosides (aph(3'')-I, aph(6')-I), quinolone (qnrB, abaQ), polymyxin (arnA, mcr-4) and disinfectant resistance genes (emrA/BD, mdtA/B/C/E/F). Furthermore, correlations were found between risk Rank I ARGs associated with aminoglycoside (aph(3')-I), tetracycline (tetH), beta_lactam (TEM-171), and disinfectant resistance genes (mdtB/C/E/F, emrA, acrB, qacG). Importantly, we found that Acinetobacter and Salmonella were the main hosts of disinfectant resistance genes. The resistance mechanisms of the ARGs identified in PWM were dominated by antibiotic deactivation (38.7%), antibiotic efflux (27.2%), and antibiotic target protection (14.4%). The proportion of genes encoding efflux pumps in the PWM resistome increased after disinfection. Microbial cultures demonstrated that the traits of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistane were consistent with those observed by metagenomic sequencing. This study highlights the possibility of cross-resistance between NaClO disinfectants and antibiotics, which should not be ignored.
氯及其衍生物，如次氯酸钠（NaClO）和二氧化氯，在中国猪肉供应链中经常被用作消毒剂。然而，广泛使用NaClO有可能导致“耐氯细菌”的产生，并加速抗生素耐药性的演变。本研究通过检测猪肉批发市场（PWM）微生物组和耐药组的变化来评估NaClO消毒的效果，并进行细菌分离和分析以验证研究结果。不出所料，消毒前后细菌的分类组成有显著差异。值得注意的是，在所有表面都观察到了肠炎沙门氏菌（S. enterica）、邦戈尔沙门氏菌（S. bongori）、大肠杆菌（E. coli）、肺炎克雷伯菌（K. pneumoniae）和铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa），这表明在PWM环境中应用NaClO消毒处理对病原菌的作用有限。研究确定了与氨基糖苷类（aph(3'')-I、aph(6')-I）、喹诺酮类（qnrB、abaQ）、多粘菌素（arnA、mcr-4）相关的抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）与消毒剂抗性基因（emrA/BD、mdtA/B/C/E/F）之间的相关性。此外，还发现与氨基糖苷类（aph(3')-I）、四环素类（tetH）、β-内酰胺类（TEM-171）相关的风险等级I ARGs与消毒剂抗性基因（mdtB/C/E/F、emrA、acrB、qacG）之间存在相关性。重要的是，我们发现不动杆菌和沙门氏菌是消毒剂抗性基因的主要宿主。在PWM中鉴定出的ARGs的耐药机制主要是抗生素失活（38.7%）、抗生素外排（27.2%）和抗生素靶点保护（14.4%）。消毒后，PWM耐药组中编码外排泵的基因比例增加。微生物培养表明，微生物污染和抗生素耐药性特征与宏基因组测序观察到的结果一致。本研究强调了NaClO消毒剂与抗生素之间交叉耐药的可能性，这一点不容忽视。
Zotero 插件