Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Transl Med. 2024 Feb 21;22(1):191. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-04979-1.
In the Netherlands, the prevalence of post COVID-19 condition is estimated at 12.7% at 90-150 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of fatigue and other symptoms, to assess how many patients meet the Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) criteria, to identify symptom-based clusters within the P4O2 COVID-19 cohort and to compare these clusters with clusters in a ME/CFS cohort.
In this multicentre, prospective, observational cohort in the Netherlands, 95 post COVID-19 patients aged 40-65 years were included. Data collection at 3-6 months after infection included demographics, medical history, questionnaires, and a medical examination. Follow-up assessments occurred 9-12 months later, where the same data were collected. Fatigue was determined with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), a score of ≥ 4 means moderate to high fatigue. The frequency and severity of other symptoms and the percentage of patients that meet the ME/CFS criteria were assessed using the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-2 (DSQ-2). A self-organizing map was used to visualize the clustering of patients based on severity and frequency of 79 symptoms. In a previous study, 337 Dutch ME/CFS patients were clustered based on their symptom scores. The symptom scores of post COVID-19 patients were applied to these clusters to examine whether the same or different clusters were found.
According to the FSS, fatigue was reported by 75.9% of the patients at 3-6 months after infection and by 57.1% of the patients 9-12 months later. Post-exertional malaise, sleep disturbances, pain, and neurocognitive symptoms were also frequently reported, according to the DSQ-2. Over half of the patients (52.7%) met the Fukuda criteria for ME/CFS, while fewer patients met other ME/CFS definitions. Clustering revealed specific symptom patterns and showed that post COVID-19 patients occurred in 11 of the clusters that have been observed in the ME/CFS cohort, where 2 clusters had > 10 patients.
This study shows persistent fatigue and diverse symptomatology in post COVID-19 patients, up to 12-18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clustering showed that post COVID-19 patients occurred in 11 of the clusters that have been observed in the ME/CFS cohort.
在荷兰，估计 SARS-CoV-2 感染后 90-150 天，新冠后疾病的患病率为 12.7%。本研究旨在确定疲劳和其他症状的发生情况，评估有多少患者符合肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征（ME/CFS）标准，确定 P4O2 COVID-19 队列中的症状为基础的聚类，并将这些聚类与 ME/CFS 队列中的聚类进行比较。
本研究为荷兰的一项多中心、前瞻性、观察性队列研究，纳入了 95 名年龄在 40-65 岁的新冠后患者。感染后 3-6 个月进行数据采集，包括人口统计学、病史、问卷调查和体格检查。9-12 个月后进行随访评估，采集相同的数据。疲劳用疲劳严重程度量表（FSS）来确定，得分≥4 表示中到高度疲劳。使用德保罗症状问卷-2（DSQ-2）评估其他症状的频率和严重程度以及符合 ME/CFS 标准的患者百分比。使用自组织映射来可视化基于 79 种症状的严重程度和频率的患者聚类。在之前的一项研究中，根据症状评分对 337 名荷兰 ME/CFS 患者进行了聚类。将新冠后患者的症状评分应用于这些聚类，以检查是否发现相同或不同的聚类。
根据 FSS，75.9%的患者在感染后 3-6 个月报告疲劳，57.1%的患者在 9-12 个月后报告疲劳。根据 DSQ-2，乏力、睡眠障碍、疼痛和神经认知症状也经常被报告。超过一半的患者（52.7%）符合 ME/CFS 的 Fukuda 标准，而较少的患者符合其他 ME/CFS 定义。聚类显示出特定的症状模式，并表明新冠后患者出现在 ME/CFS 队列中观察到的 11 个聚类中，其中 2 个聚类有超过 10 名患者。
本研究显示，新冠后患者在 SARS-CoV-2 感染后 12-18 个月仍持续存在疲劳和多种症状。聚类表明，新冠后患者出现在 ME/CFS 队列中观察到的 11 个聚类中。
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