State-of-the-art progress on tamarind seed polysaccharide (Tamarindus indica) and its diverse potential applications, a review with insight.

Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) is a biocompatible, non-ionic polymer with antioxidant properties. Its uses include drug delivery, food industry, and wastewater treatment. TSP has various hydroxy functional groups, one of the most favorable sites for graft copolymerization of different monomers. Hence, various chemical methods for TSP modification were developed to satisfy increasing industrial demand. Of particular interest in scientific community are the methods of graft copolymerization because of their ability to alter the physicochemical properties of TSP, including pH sensitivity and the swelling index, leading to improvements in the adsorption efficiency of hazardous heavy metals and dyes from wastewater effluents. Moreover, in recent years, TSP has been used for controlled drug delivery applications due to its unique advantages of high viscosity, broad pH tolerance, non-carcinogenicity, mucoadhesive properties, biocompatibility, and high drug entrapment capacity. In light of the plethora of literature on the topic, a comprehensive review of TSP-based graft copolymers and unmodified and modified TSP important applications is necessary. Therefore, this review comprehensively highlights several synthetic strategies for TSP-grafted copolymers and discusses unmodified and modified TSP potential applications, including cutting-edge pharmaceutical, environmental applications, etc. In brief, its many advantages make TSP-based polysaccharide a promising material for applications in various industries.