EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses, e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, n° 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº288, 4050-321, Porto, Portugal.
Appetite. 2024 May 1;196:107279. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107279. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
This study aimed to examine diet tracking from childhood to adolescence, using 4 time-points, and the influence of socioeconomic and individual characteristics in this transition. The sample included 6893 children from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI with complete information on Food Frequency Questionnaire in at least one of the considered follow-ups. A Healthy Eating Index (HEI), previously developed to assess adherence to WHO's dietary recommendations, was applied at all ages (4, 7, 10 and 13y). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyse the tracking of diet quality. Linear mixed-effect models were performed to estimate the association of the child's socioeconomic and individual characteristics with the HEI score and respective trajectories over time. The overall diet quality decreased from childhood (22.2 ± 3.6 at 4y) to adolescence (18.2 ± 3.9 at 13y), with moderate tracking (ICC = 0.53), showing that children who start a healthy diet earlier might have a better diet quality as time goes by. Children of older mothers (β = 0.079, 95%CI = 0.061-0.097) and with higher education (β = 0.203, 95%CI = 0.178-0.229) and a higher household monthly income (β = 0.024,95%CI = 0.007-0.041) had a higher diet quality over time. Besides family characteristics, the child's sedentary activities (β = -0.009, 95%CI = -0.014--0.003) negatively influence diet quality throughout life. In contrast, being a girl (β = -0.094, 95%CI = -0.132--0.056) and having higher sleep duration (β = 0.039, 95%CI = 0.015-0.064) are associated with a higher diet quality over time. The presence of dietary tracking from childhood to adolescence implies that promoting healthy eating habits during the first years of life is crucial for a healthier diet quality during late childhood and early adolescence, focusing on maternal and individual child characteristics.
本研究旨在通过四个时间点考察儿童期到青春期的饮食跟踪情况，并探讨社会经济和个体特征在这一转变过程中的影响。该研究样本包括来自葡萄牙 XX 世纪出生队列的 6893 名儿童，这些儿童在至少一次随访中完成了完整的食物频率问卷。应用了一个健康饮食指数（HEI）来评估对世卫组织饮食建议的依从性，该指数适用于所有年龄段（4、7、10 和 13 岁）。使用组内相关系数（ICC）来分析饮食质量的跟踪情况。采用线性混合效应模型来估计儿童的社会经济和个体特征与 HEI 评分及其随时间变化的轨迹之间的关系。整体饮食质量从儿童期（4 岁时为 22.2±3.6）下降到青春期（13 岁时为 18.2±3.9），跟踪效果中等（ICC=0.53），表明早期开始健康饮食的儿童随着时间的推移可能会有更好的饮食质量。母亲年龄较大（β=0.079，95%CI=0.061-0.097）、受教育程度较高（β=0.203，95%CI=0.178-0.229）和家庭月收入较高（β=0.024，95%CI=0.007-0.041）的儿童，其饮食质量随时间推移而提高。除了家庭特征外，儿童的久坐行为（β=-0.009，95%CI=-0.014--0.003）也会对其一生的饮食质量产生负面影响。相比之下，女孩（β=-0.094，95%CI=-0.132--0.056）和睡眠时间较长（β=0.039，95%CI=0.015-0.064）与随时间推移饮食质量的提高有关。从儿童期到青春期的饮食跟踪表明，在生命的最初几年促进健康的饮食习惯对于儿童期后期和青春期早期更健康的饮食质量至关重要，这需要关注母亲和儿童个体的特征。
