Morvaridi Mehrnaz, Sadeghi Narges, Alavinejad Pezhman, Sadeghian Mehdi, Tahvilian Negin, Behbahani Hossein Bavi, Ebrahimi Sara, Farsi Farnaz
Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Science, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
BMC Nutr. 2024 Mar 6;10(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s40795-024-00849-7.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Celiac disease (CD) is a systemic and autoimmune enteropathy of the gastrointestinal tract with malabsorption characteristics. The only effective treatment for CD is adhere strictly to a gluten-free diet (GFD) throughout life. We evaluated the dietary patterns in celiac disease patients and their association with dietary intakes and anthropometric measurements in Iran.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: This is a case-control study on 182 participants who were referred to the Khuzestan Celiac Association, Iran. Nutritional information was collected using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The software Stata (StataCorp, Version 14.0) was used to analyze the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to obtain participants' dietary patterns.
A significant relationship was observed between age and body mass index (BMI) across quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern score (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.001, respectively), indicating that as age and BMI increased, participants demonstrated greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern. Individuals with the highest adherence to the healthy dietary pattern had the lowest odds ratio for celiac disease (CD) (Q1: reference; Q2: 1.96, 95% CI: 0.84-4.55; Q3: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27-1.42; Q4: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.33, P trend < 0.001), and this association remained significant after adjusting for BMI (adjusted P trend = 0.003) and energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant association between the lowest odds ratio for CD and the highest adherence to the unhealthy dietary pattern after adjustment for energy intake (Q1: reference; Q2: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.13-1.12; Q3: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06-0.71; Q4: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02-0.29, adjusted P trend < 0.001). Additionally, a significant association was observed between the odds ratio for CD and the mixed dietary pattern score (Q1: reference; Q2: 6.01, 95% CI: 2.29-15.72; Q3: 2.47, 95% CI: 0.93-6.55; Q4: 4.84, 95% CI: 1.84-12.66, P trend = 0.02), and this association remained significant after adjustment for energy intake (adjusted P trend < 0.001).
The findings of the present study indicate that individuals who adhere to healthy dietary patterns have a lower incidence of celiac disease.
背景/目的：乳糜泻（CD）是一种具有吸收不良特征的全身性自身免疫性胃肠道疾病。CD唯一有效的治疗方法是终生严格坚持无麸质饮食（GFD）。我们评估了伊朗乳糜泻患者的饮食模式及其与饮食摄入量和人体测量指标的关联。
对象/方法：这是一项针对182名转诊至伊朗胡齐斯坦乳糜泻协会的参与者的病例对照研究。使用经过验证的147项半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）收集营养信息。采用Stata软件（StataCorp，版本14.0）分析数据。主成分分析（PCA）用于获取参与者的饮食模式。
在健康饮食模式得分的四分位数中，年龄与体重指数（BMI）之间存在显著关系（分别为P < 0.001、P = 0.001和P = 0.001），表明随着年龄和BMI的增加，参与者对健康饮食模式的依从性更高。对健康饮食模式依从性最高的个体患乳糜泻（CD）的比值比最低（Q1：参照；Q2：1.96，95%可信区间：0.84 - 4.55；Q3：0.61，95%可信区间：0.27 - 1.42；Q4：0.10，95%可信区间：0.03 - 0.33，P趋势 < 0.001），在调整BMI（调整后P趋势 = 0.003）和能量摄入（调整后P趋势 < 0.001）后，这种关联仍然显著。此外，在调整能量摄入后，CD的最低比值比与对不健康饮食模式的最高依从性之间存在显著关联（Q1：参照；Q2：0.38，95%可信区间：0.13 - 1.12；Q3：0.21，95%可信区间：0.06 - 0.71；Q4：0.07，95%可信区间：0.02 - 0.29，调整后P趋势 < 0.001）。此外，观察到CD的比值比与混合饮食模式得分之间存在显著关联（Q1：参照；Q2：6.01，95%可信区间：2.29 - 15.72；Q3：2.47，95%可信区间：0.93 - 6.55；Q4：4.84，95%可信区间：1.84 - 12.66，P趋势 = 0.02），在调整能量摄入后，这种关联仍然显著（调整后P趋势 < 0.001）。
本研究结果表明，坚持健康饮食模式的个体患乳糜泻的发生率较低。
