Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Feb 23;16(5):627. doi: 10.3390/nu16050627.
The inflammatory process is triggered by several factors such as toxins, pathogens, and damaged cells, promoting inflammation in various systems, including the cardiovascular system, leading to heart failure. The link between periodontitis as a chronic inflammatory disease and cardiovascular disease is confirmed. Propolis and its major component, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), exhibit protective mechanisms and anti-inflammatory effects on the cardiovascular system. The objective of the conducted study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the Polish ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and its major component-CAPE-in interferon-alpha (IFN-α), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS + IFN-α-induced human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). EEP and CAPE were used at 10-100 µg/mL. A multiplex assay was used for interleukin and adhesive molecule detection. Our results demonstrate that EEP, at a concentration of 25 µg/mL, decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in LPS-induced HGF-1. At the same concentration, EEP increases the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in LPS + IFN-α-induced HGF-1. In the case of CAPE, IL-6 in LPS and LPS + IFN-α induced HGF-1 was decreased in all concentrations. However, in the case of IL-10, CAPE causes the highest increase at 50 µg/mL in IFN-α induced HGF-1. Regarding the impact of EEP on adhesion molecules, there was a noticeable reduction of E-selectin by EEP at 25, 50, and100 µg/mL in IFN-α -induced HGF-1. In a range of 10-100 µg/mL, EEP decreased endothelin-1 (ET-1) during all stimulations. CAPE statistically significantly decreases the level of ET-1 at 25-100 µg/mL in IFN-α and LPS + IFN-α. In the case of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), EEP and CAPE downregulated its expression in a non-statistically significant manner. Based on the obtained results, EEP and CAPE may generate beneficial cardiovascular effects by influencing selected factors. EEP and CAPE exert an impact on cytokines in a dose-dependent manner.
炎症过程由多种因素触发，如毒素、病原体和受损细胞，导致包括心血管系统在内的各个系统发生炎症，从而导致心力衰竭。牙周炎作为一种慢性炎症性疾病与心血管疾病之间的联系已得到证实。蜂胶及其主要成分咖啡酸苯乙酯 (CAPE) 对心血管系统具有保护机制和抗炎作用。本研究的目的是评估波兰蜂胶乙醇提取物 (EEP) 及其主要成分 CAPE 对干扰素-α (IFN-α)、脂多糖 (LPS)、LPS+IFN-α 诱导的人牙龈成纤维细胞 (HGF-1) 的抗炎作用。EEP 和 CAPE 的使用浓度为 10-100µg/mL。采用多重分析检测白细胞介素和粘附分子的表达。我们的结果表明，EEP 在 25µg/mL 浓度下可降低 LPS 诱导的 HGF-1 中促炎细胞因子 IL-6 的表达。在相同浓度下，EEP 可增加 LPS+IFN-α 诱导的 HGF-1 中抗炎细胞因子 IL-10 的水平。对于 CAPE，在 LPS 和 LPS+IFN-α 诱导的 HGF-1 中，所有浓度均降低了 IL-6 的表达。然而，对于 IL-10，CAPE 在 50µg/mL 时在 IFN-α 诱导的 HGF-1 中引起的增加最高。关于 EEP 对粘附分子的影响，在 IFN-α 诱导的 HGF-1 中，EEP 在 25、50 和 100µg/mL 时显著降低了 E-选择素的表达。在 10-100µg/mL 范围内，EEP 在所有刺激物中均降低了内皮素-1 (ET-1) 的水平。CAPE 在 25-100µg/mL 时在 IFN-α 和 LPS+IFN-α 中显著降低了 ET-1 的水平。对于细胞间粘附分子-1 (ICAM-1)，EEP 和 CAPE 以非统计学显著的方式下调其表达。基于获得的结果，EEP 和 CAPE 可能通过影响选定的因素产生有益的心血管作用。EEP 和 CAPE 以剂量依赖的方式对细胞因子产生影响。
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