Performance Enhancement of Three-Dimensional MAPbI Perovskite Solar Cells by Doping Perovskite Films with CsPbX Quantum Dots.

Perovskite thin films directly impact solar cell properties, making defect reduction crucial in perovskite solar cell research. In our study, we used perovskite quantum dots in the anti-solvent to act as nucleation centers in MAPbI3 thin films. These centers had lower nucleation barriers than homogeneous nucleation, improving perovskite crystallinity, reducing defects, and extending carrier lifetime. Fine-tuning the energy band also enhanced carrier transport. The most effective results were obtained using CsPb(Br I) perovskite quantum dots. The resulting device, ITO/SnO/MAPbI (300 nm)/spiro-OMeTAD (200 nm)/Ag (100 nm), achieved a 12.88% power conversion efficiency, a 16% increase from the standard element. The modified device maintained approximately 95% of its efficiency over 100 h in a 70% humidity environment.