Assessment of , and Virulence Genes in Various Serovars.

is a zoonotic bacterium that is considered to be one of the most common causes of foodborne infections worldwide. Bearing in mind the genes involved in its virulence, identifying these genes can enable experts to better understand bacterial pathogenicity, which could subsequently help develop more efficient means to control and prevent infections. This study aimed to analyze , , and genes in various serovars. To carry out this study, 103 serovars were extracted from livestock, poultry, and humans from existing samples at the Department of Microbiology of the Razi Serum and Vaccine Research Institute in Karaj, Iran. These samples were cultured in selection and differential media, and their serovars were identified using specific antibodies based on Kaufman-White Tables. Utilizing PCR and specific primers, , , and genes were detected among these serovars. In this investigation, the most common human serovars were , , and ; the most common serovars among livestock consisted of and and the most common serovars among poultry consisted of and . The results of PCR on , , and genes demonstrated segments with 617bp, 875 bp, and 220 bp on agar gel, respectively. Based on the obtained findings, , , and genes were detected in 96.11%, 99.02%, and 98.05% of serovars, respectively. Considering the fact that the aforementioned genes play significant roles in bacterial virulence, they can be used to develop diagnostic ELISA kits and recombinant vaccines.