Population Genomics Group, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany.
Sci Adv. 2024 Apr 12;10(15):eadj0954. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0954.
Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases of sheep domestication. Analysis of 629 mitochondrial genomes from this and numerous sites in Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, and Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around the Neolithic, a potential signature of a domestication bottleneck. This is consistent with archeological evidence of sheep management at Aşıklı Höyük which transitioned from residential stabling to open pasturing over a millennium of site occupation. However, unexpectedly, we detected high genetic diversity throughout Aşıklı Höyük's occupation rather than a bottleneck. Instead, we detected a tenfold demographic bottleneck later in the Neolithic, which caused the fixation of mitochondrial haplogroup in southwestern Anatolia. The mitochondrial genetic makeup that emerged was carried from the core region of early Neolithic sheep management into Europe and dominates the matrilineal diversity of both its ancient and the billion-strong modern sheep populations.
大约在 10300 到 9300 年前，位于安纳托利亚中部的新石器时代前的阿席克里霍尤克遗址经历了绵羊驯化的早期阶段。对来自该遗址和安纳托利亚、西南亚、欧洲和非洲的众多地点的 629 个线粒体基因组进行分析，产生了一棵具有过多合并（节点）的系统发育树，这些节点集中在新石器时代，这可能是驯化瓶颈的一个特征。这与阿席克里霍尤克遗址的绵羊管理考古证据一致，该遗址在 1000 多年的时间里，从居住式畜栏过渡到了开放式放牧。然而，出人意料的是，我们在阿席克里霍尤克遗址的整个居住期间都检测到了高遗传多样性，而不是瓶颈。相反，我们在新石器时代后期检测到了十倍的人口瓶颈，这导致了线粒体单倍群 在西南安纳托利亚的固定。由此产生的线粒体遗传构成是从新石器时代早期绵羊管理的核心区域传播到欧洲的，并主导了古代和数十亿现代绵羊群体的母系多样性。
