Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310021, China.
Chin Med J (Engl). 2024 Jun 20;137(12):1407-1413. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003140. Epub 2024 Apr 15.
Given the recent updates in cancer burden estimates by GLOBOCAN 2022, this study was undertaken to provide pertinent perspectives within the context of the Human Development Index (HDI) and major world economies.
Datasets sourced from GLOBOCAN encompassed cancer cases and deaths across all cancer types in 2022, alongside projections up to 2050. Cancer incidences and deaths of the top 10 cancers within China and four distinct HDI-classified regions were compared using descriptive analyses. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and mortality rates (ASMRs) worldwide for the most prevalent cancers in 2022 across ten largest economies and four-tier HDIs were examined. The top five cancer types concerning both incidence and mortality in China were delineated by sex and age group.
In males, prostate cancer predominated in countries with low, high (except China), and very high HDI. Prostate and liver cancers were prominent causes of death in countries with low HDI. In females, breast and cervical cancers predominated in countries with low-to-medium HDI. Lung and colorectal cancer incidence and deaths increased with high HDI for both sexes. ASIRs and ASMRs for breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers in the top 10 economies were higher than the global average. However, liver, stomach, and cervical cancers in most Western countries exhibited lower rates. In China, hematologic malignancies (43%) were prevalent among children aged 0-14 years, whereas thyroid cancer led among adolescents and young adults aged 15-39 years. Regarding incidence and mortality, lung cancer predominated for individuals over 40 years, except for females aged 40-59 years, in whom breast cancer predominated. Projected trends indicated substantial increases in new cancer cases (76.6%) and deaths (89.7%) over the next three decades.
Infection- and poverty-related cancer burdens are offset by increased prostate, breast, colorectal, and lung cancer incidence associated with rapid societal and economic transitions. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in China feature characteristics of developed and developing countries, necessitating tailored, evidence-based, and comprehensive strategies for effective cancer prevention and control.
鉴于 GLOBOCAN 2022 最近更新的癌症负担估计，本研究旨在在人类发展指数 (HDI) 和主要世界经济体的背景下提供相关观点。
本研究的数据来自 GLOBOCAN，涵盖了 2022 年所有癌症类型的癌症病例和死亡人数，以及到 2050 年的预测数据。使用描述性分析比较了中国和四个不同 HDI 分类区域内前 10 种癌症的癌症发病率和死亡率。研究还分析了全球 2022 年十大经济体和四层次 HDI 中最常见癌症的年龄标准化发病率 (ASIR) 和死亡率 (ASMR)。还按性别和年龄组描绘了中国男性和女性发病率和死亡率最高的前五种癌症类型。
在男性中，前列腺癌在低、高（中国除外）和极高 HDI 国家中占主导地位。在低 HDI 国家，前列腺癌和肝癌是主要的死亡原因。在女性中，乳腺癌和宫颈癌在中低 HDI 国家中占主导地位。对于男性和女性，随着 HDI 的增加，肺癌和结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率增加。十大经济体中乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌和结直肠癌的 ASIR 和 ASMR 均高于全球平均水平。然而，大多数西方国家的肝癌、胃癌和宫颈癌发病率较低。在中国，0-14 岁儿童中以血液系统恶性肿瘤（43%）为主，而 15-39 岁青少年和年轻人中以甲状腺癌为主。在发病率和死亡率方面，除了 40-59 岁的女性外，40 岁以上的人群中以肺癌为主。预计未来三十年新癌症病例（76.6%）和死亡人数（89.7%）将大幅增加。
感染和贫困相关的癌症负担因与快速社会和经济转型相关的前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌发病率增加而得到缓解。中国的癌症发病率和死亡率模式具有发达国家和发展中国家的特征，需要制定有针对性、基于证据和全面的策略，以有效预防和控制癌症。
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