Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) HealthAge, Toulouse, France.
Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2024 Jun;15(3):1134-1145. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13457. Epub 2024 Apr 18.
The way physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) independently and interactively modify the age-related decline in physical capacity remains poorly understood. This cross-sectional study investigated the independent and interactive associations of PA and SB with physical function and performance throughout the adult life course.
Data from 499 community-dwelling adults (63% female) aged 20-92 years, involved in the INSPIRE Human Translational Cohort, were used in this cross-sectional study. Daily time spent on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA, min/day) and SB (h/day) was measured with activPAL triaxial accelerometers. Physical function and performance were assessed through the measurement of the 4-m usual gait speed (m/s), handgrip strength (kg), lower-limb strength (isokinetic knee extension torque, N·m), estimated lower-limb power (five-time chair-rise test performance, s) and cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇Omax, mL/kg/min). Confounder-adjusted multiple linear and curvilinear regressions were performed to investigate how MVPA, SB and their interactions were associated with the physical outcomes (all square root-transformed except gait speed) throughout the adulthood spectrum.
Interaction analyses revealed that the combination of higher levels of MVPA with lower levels of SB favourably reshaped the negative relationship between handgrip strength and age (age × SB × MVPA: B = -7E-08, SE = 3E-08, P < 0.05). In addition, higher levels of MVPA were independently associated with an improved age-related profile in gait speed (age × MVPA: B = 3E-06, SE = 1E-06, P < 0.05), chair-rise performance (age × MVPA: B = -9E-05, SE = 4E-05, P < 0.05) and V̇Omax (MVPA at 21 years: B = 3E-02, SE = 7E-03, P < 0.05; age × MVPA: B = -5E-04, SE = 2E-04, P < 0.05). Conversely, the detrimental association of age with lower-limb muscle strength (age × SB: B = -1E-04, SE = 6E-05, P < 0.05) and chair-rise performance (age × SB: B = 1E-05, SE = 7E-06, P < 0.05) was exacerbated with increasing duration of SB, independently of MVPA. Supplementary analyses further revealed that some of these associations were age and sex specific.
This cross-sectional study demonstrated that reduced sedentary time and increased activity duration were independently and synergistically associated with an attenuated age-related loss in physical capacity. These findings need to be confirmed with longitudinal data but encourage both adopting an active lifestyle and reducing sedentary time as preventive measures against physical aging.
体力活动（PA）和久坐行为（SB）独立且交互地改变与年龄相关的体能下降的方式仍知之甚少。本横断面研究调查了 PA 和 SB 与整个成年期的身体功能和表现的独立和交互关联。
本横断面研究使用了来自年龄在 20-92 岁的 499 名社区居住成年人（63%为女性）的 INSPIRE 人类转化队列的数据。使用 activPAL 三轴加速度计测量每天进行的中等到剧烈 PA（MVPA，分钟/天）和 SB（小时/天）的时间。通过测量 4 米常用步速（m/s）、握力（kg）、下肢力量（等速膝关节伸展扭矩，N·m）、估计下肢功率（五次椅子起身测试表现，s）和心肺功能（V̇Omax，mL/kg/min）来评估身体功能和表现。进行了混杂因素调整的多元线性和曲线回归分析，以研究 MVPA、SB 及其相互作用如何与整个成年范围内的身体结果（除步速外均进行平方根转换）相关。
交互分析显示，较高水平的 MVPA 与较低水平的 SB 相结合，有利于重塑握力与年龄之间的负相关关系（年龄×SB×MVPA：B=-7E-08，SE=3E-08，P<0.05）。此外，较高水平的 MVPA 与改善与年龄相关的步速（年龄×MVPA：B=3E-06，SE=1E-06，P<0.05）、椅子起身表现（年龄×MVPA：B=-9E-05，SE=4E-05，P<0.05）和 V̇Omax（MVPA 在 21 岁时：B=3E-02，SE=7E-03，P<0.05；年龄×MVPA：B=-5E-04，SE=2E-04，P<0.05）相关。相反，年龄与下肢肌肉力量（年龄×SB：B=-1E-04，SE=6E-05，P<0.05）和椅子起身表现（年龄×SB：B=1E-05，SE=7E-06，P<0.05）的不利关联随着 SB 持续时间的增加而加剧，而与 MVPA 无关。补充分析进一步表明，其中一些关联具有年龄和性别特异性。
本横断面研究表明，减少久坐时间和增加活动时间与减轻与年龄相关的体能下降独立且协同相关。这些发现需要通过纵向数据来证实，但鼓励采取积极的生活方式和减少久坐时间作为预防身体衰老的措施。
