Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Center for Development Research (ZEF), Department of Economic and Technological Change, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Jul;120(1):92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.026. Epub 2024 Apr 25.
Identifying diets beneficial for both human and planetary health has become increasingly important. However, to date, there is limited research on sustainable diets for children and adolescents, a vulnerable population group with specific nutritional needs.
We aimed to identify 1) the main determinants; 2) age and time trends of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), land use (LU), and water use (WU) of diets of children and adolescents; and 3) analyze the associations of dietary GHGE, LU, and WU with nutrient adequacy.
A total of 5510 3-d-weighted dietary records (n = 856; 6-17 y; 48% ♀) of the DONALD (DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed) study between 2000 and 2021 were analyzed. Values of GHGE (kgCOeq), LU (m × year), and WU (L) determined by life cycle assessment were assigned to all recorded foods. For nutrient adequacy, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR = ∑(nutrient intake / recommended intake) / number of nutrients) was used. Data were analyzed using polynomial mixed-effects regression models.
The main contributors to GHGE and LU were meat products (GHGE: 25.6%; LU: 32.8%), dairy products (22.2%; 17.7%), and sweets and pastries (14.0%; 14.3%); to WU, nonalcoholic beverages (24.3%), meat products (18.9%), and vegetables and fruits (17.7%). GHGE, LU, and WU per 1000 kcal increased with age (P < 0.01). GHGE and LU per 1000 kcal increased between 2000 and 2010 and decreased after that in females (P < 0.01) and males (GHGE only: P = 0.02). No significant time trend was found for WU (P > 0.05). A higher MAR was directly associated with GHGE/1000 kcal (MAR: β: 0.011, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.013, P < 0.0001), LU/1000 kcal (MAR: β: 0.009, 95%CI: 0.005, 0.013, P < 0.0001), and WU/1000 kcal (MAR: β: 0.429, 95% CI: 0.325, 0.533, P < 0.0001).
Our findings underscore the further need and the capacity for change toward more environmentally sustainable diets. Yet, the tradeoff between environmental sustainability and nutrient adequacy in the diets of children and adolescents requires specific attention to dietary composition.
识别对人类和地球健康都有益的饮食方式变得越来越重要。然而，迄今为止，针对儿童和青少年的可持续饮食的研究有限，而儿童和青少年是一个具有特殊营养需求的弱势群体。
我们旨在确定 1）主要决定因素；2）儿童和青少年饮食的温室气体排放 (GHGE)、土地利用 (LU) 和水利用 (WU) 的年龄和时间趋势；3）分析饮食 GHGE、LU 和 WU 与营养素充足性的关联。
分析了 2000 年至 2021 年期间 DONALD（多特蒙德营养和人体测量纵向设计）研究中总共 5510 份 3 天权重饮食记录（n = 856；6-17 岁；48%♀）。通过生命周期评估确定的 GHGE（kgCOeq）、LU（m×年）和 WU（L）值被分配给所有记录的食物。为了评估营养素充足性，使用平均充足率（MAR = ∑（营养素摄入量/推荐摄入量）/营养素数量）。使用多项式混合效应回归模型进行数据分析。
GHGE 和 LU 的主要贡献者是肉类产品（GHGE：25.6%；LU：32.8%）、奶制品（22.2%；17.7%）和甜食和糕点（14.0%；14.3%）；WU 的主要贡献者是非酒精饮料（24.3%）、肉类产品（18.9%）和蔬菜和水果（17.7%）。每 1000 千卡的 GHGE、LU 和 WU 随年龄增加（P < 0.01）。在女性（P < 0.01）和男性中（仅 GHGE：P = 0.02），2000 年至 2010 年间每 1000 千卡的 GHGE 和 LU 增加，之后减少。WU 没有明显的时间趋势（P > 0.05）。更高的 MAR 与 GHGE/1000 千卡（MAR：β：0.011，95%CI：0.008，0.013，P < 0.0001）、LU/1000 千卡（MAR：β：0.009，95%CI：0.005，0.013，P < 0.0001）和 WU/1000 千卡（MAR：β：0.429，95%CI：0.325，0.533，P < 0.0001）呈正相关。
我们的研究结果强调了朝着更环境可持续的饮食方式进一步发展和变革的必要性。然而，儿童和青少年饮食中的环境可持续性和营养素充足性之间的权衡需要特别注意饮食成分。
Zotero 插件
