成年女性的月经态度：一项横断面研究，探讨其与月经因素、避孕措施使用、生殖器自我形象和性开放度的关系。
Menstrual attitudes in adult women: A cross-sectional study on the association with menstruation factors, contraceptive use, genital self-image, and sexual openness.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
Womens Health (Lond). 2024 Jan-Dec;20:17455057241249553. doi: 10.1177/17455057241249553.
BACKGROUND
Menstruation is a central part of the everyday life of most women, and menstrual attitudes may impact health and well-being.
OBJECTIVES
This article aimed to map menstrual attitudes among adult women and examine factors associated with these attitudes, such as aspects of menarche and current menstruation, and rarely studied factors, such as genital self-image and sexual openness.
STUDY DESIGN
A cross-sectional online survey.
METHOD
A sample of 1470 women, aged 18-50 years, were recruited through social media sites. The was used to measure three different attitudes: menstruation as natural, shameful, and bothersome. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between each attitude and factors related to menarche and current menstruation, contraceptive use, genital self-image (assessed by ), and sexual openness (). Sociodemographic variables were included into the models as covariates.
RESULTS
Agreeing with the attitude of menstruation as something natural was predicted primarily by positive emotions at menarche, experiencing less menstrual pain, using no or nonhormonal contraception, and having a positive genital self-image. Perceiving menstruation as bothersome was predicted by a lower educational level, experiencing stronger menstrual pain, having more perimenstrual psychological symptoms, and using hormonal contraceptives. Menstruation as something shameful was chiefly predicted by lower sexual openness and a negative genital self-image.
CONCLUSION
Many women held attitudes about menstruation as both something natural and bothersome. Menarche and current menstruation experiences, and contraceptive method, played central roles in shaping attitudes toward menstruation as natural and bothersome. Viewing menstruation as shameful stood out from other attitudes by indicating a triad of self-objectified shame that includes menstruation, sexuality, and genital self-image. Further research into the relationships between menstruation, contraceptive use, sexuality, and body image is needed to enhance our understanding of women's menstrual health.
背景
月经是大多数女性日常生活的重要组成部分，月经态度可能会影响健康和幸福感。
目的
本文旨在绘制成年女性的月经态度，并研究与这些态度相关的因素，如初潮和当前月经的各个方面，以及很少研究的因素，如生殖器自我形象和性开放。
研究设计
一项横断面在线调查。
方法
通过社交媒体网站招募了 1470 名年龄在 18-50 岁之间的女性作为样本。使用来衡量三种不同的态度：月经是自然的、羞耻的和麻烦的。多元线性回归分析用于研究每个态度与与初潮和当前月经、避孕方法、生殖器自我形象（通过评估）和性开放（）相关的因素之间的关系。社会人口学变量被纳入模型作为协变量。
结果
认同月经是自然的态度主要由初潮时的积极情绪、经历较少的月经疼痛、使用非激素避孕方法和拥有积极的生殖器自我形象预测。认为月经是麻烦的主要由较低的教育水平、经历更强烈的月经疼痛、有更多经前期心理症状和使用激素避孕方法预测。认为月经是羞耻的主要由较低的性开放和消极的生殖器自我形象预测。
结论
许多女性对月经的态度既认为是自然的，又认为是麻烦的。初潮和当前月经经历以及避孕方法在塑造对月经自然和麻烦的态度方面起着核心作用。将月经视为羞耻的态度与其他态度不同，它表明包括月经、性和生殖器自我形象在内的三位一体的自我客观化羞耻。需要进一步研究月经、避孕方法、性和身体形象之间的关系，以增进我们对女性月经健康的理解。
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