Wang Longlong, Wang Pengfei, Yan Zunqiang, Zhang Pengxia, Yin Xitong, Jia Rui, Li Yao, Yang Jiaojiao, Gun Shuangbao, Yang Qiaoli
College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Apr 25;15:1360505. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360505. eCollection 2024.
Utilizing roughage resources is an effective approach to alleviate the shortage of corn-soybean feed and reducing the costs in the swine industry. Hezuo pig is one group of plateau type local Tibetan pig with strong tolerance to crude feeding. Nevertheless, current research on the roughage tolerance in Hezuo pigs and the microbiological mechanisms behind it is still minimally.This study explored the impact of various ratios of whole-plant silage (WPS) maize on the pH, cellulase activity, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and intestinal microbiota in Hezuo pigs.
Thirty-two Hezuo pigs were randomly divided into four groups ( = 8). The control group received a basal diet, while experimental groups I, II, and III were given diets with incremental additions of 5%, 10%, and 15% air-dried WPS maize, respectively, for 120 days.
The findings revealed that compared with the control group, in Group II, the pH of cecum and colon were notably decreased ( < 0.05), while acid detergent fiberdigestibility, the concentration of propionic and isobutyric acid in the cecum, and the concentration of isobutyric acid in the colon were significantly increased ( < 0.05). Also, carboxymethyl cellulase activity in the cecum in group II of Hezuo pigs was significantly higher than that in the other three groups ( < 0.05). Furthermore, the cecum microbiota showed a higher diversity in the group II of Hezuo pigs than that in the control group, as shown by the Simpson and Shannon indices. Specifically, 15 and 24 bacterial species showed a significant difference in relative abundance at the family and genus levels, respectively. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between bacterial genera and SCFAs concentrations in the cecum. The abundance of Bacteroides and NK4A214_group was positively correlated with amounts of valeric and isovaleric acid but negatively with propionic acid ( < 0.05). The abundance of UCG-010 was positively linked with acetic acid and negatively correlated with butyric acid ( < 0.05). Actinobacillus abundance was positively associated with butyric acid levels ( < 0.05).
In conclusion, a 10% WPS maize diet improved crude fiber digestibility by lowering cecal and colonic chyme pH, enhancing intestinal cellulase activity, improving SCFA production, and increasing intestinal microbiota diversity.
利用粗饲料资源是缓解猪用玉米 - 大豆饲料短缺并降低养猪业成本的有效途径。合作猪是高原型本地藏猪的一种，对粗饲耐受性强。然而，目前关于合作猪对粗饲料耐受性及其背后微生物机制的研究仍很少。本研究探讨了不同比例的全株青贮（WPS）玉米对合作猪的pH值、纤维素酶活性、短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）和肠道微生物群的影响。
32头合作猪随机分为四组（每组 = 8头）。对照组给予基础日粮，而实验组I、II和III分别给予添加了5%、10%和15%风干WPS玉米的日粮，持续120天。
研究结果显示，与对照组相比，在II组中，盲肠和结肠的pH值显著降低（P < 0.05），而酸性洗涤纤维消化率、盲肠中丙酸和异丁酸的浓度以及结肠中异丁酸的浓度显著增加（P < 0.05）。此外，合作猪II组盲肠中的羧甲基纤维素酶活性显著高于其他三组（P < 0.05）。此外，如辛普森指数和香农指数所示，合作猪II组的盲肠微生物群多样性高于对照组。具体而言，分别有15种和24种细菌在科和属水平上的相对丰度存在显著差异。相关性分析揭示了盲肠中细菌属与SCFAs浓度之间的显著关联。拟杆菌属和NK4A214_group的丰度与戊酸和异戊酸的含量呈正相关，但与丙酸呈负相关（P < 0.05）。UCG - 010的丰度与乙酸呈正相关，与丁酸呈负相关（P < 0.05）。放线杆菌属的丰度与丁酸水平呈正相关（P < 0.05）。
总之，10%WPS玉米日粮通过降低盲肠和结肠食糜pH值、增强肠道纤维素酶活性、改善SCFA产生以及增加肠道微生物群多样性来提高粗纤维消化率。
