Bruschini Milena Marta, Hediger Hannele, Busch Ada-Katrin
Institute of Nursing, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 9, Winterthur, 8400, Switzerland.
Int J Nurs Stud Adv. 2023 Mar 7;5:100121. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2023.100121. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Workplace sexual harassment towards nurses is a global phenomenon: approximately one quarter of all nurses are affected by sexual harassment. The extent and type of sexual harassment vary greatly depending on the country, culture, level of education, and care setting. Notably, patients are amongst the main perpetrators. Importantly, sexual harassment has serious consequences on nurses' health and work performance.
This study examined the prevalence of patients' workplace sexual harassment towards nurses and nursing students at a University of Applied Sciences in Switzerland.
A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used.
The survey was conducted at the university's Institute of Nursing under the Department of Health.
Nurses and nursing students who were studying or attending a continuing education programme and had worked as a nurse with direct contact with patients in the last 12 months could qualify as participants. A final sample of 251 participants was used for the analysis.
Data were collected using the 'Sexually Harassing Behaviour Questionnaire from an extraorganizational perspective'. Preliminary analysis involved computing the percentage and absolute frequencies, mean scores, standard deviations, and ranges. The hypotheses were tested using non-parametric tests, such as the Wilcoxon test for two independent samples, Spearman correlation test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results were considered statistically significant at alpha < 0.05.
Most participating nurses were women (88.5%) and worked in adult acute care (54.2%). The mean age was 25.5 ( = 7.5) years. On average, they had worked in the nursing profession for 7 years. 17.1% of the participants had received training on sexual harassment. Overall, 95.6% of the participants reported experiencing sexual harassment of any type at least once in the last 12 months. The most common type of harassment was verbal sexual harassment. Notably, sexual harassment was statistically significantly more frequent the younger the nurses were [ = -0.13, = 0.046]. Furthermore, it was statistically significantly more prevalent in adult acute care than in paediatrics [ (10) = 18.4; = 0.048; Cohen's = 0.4].
Patients' sexual harassment of participant nurses and nursing students is highly common. The high prevalence of sexual harassment and low number of nurses who have received training on sexual harassment demonstrate the need for initiatives to address this phenomenon in the basic education of nurses. Furthermore, evidence-based interventions against sexual harassment in the nursing profession are needed.
职场性骚扰护士是一个全球现象：所有护士中约四分之一受到性骚扰影响。性骚扰的程度和类型因国家、文化、教育水平和护理环境的不同而有很大差异。值得注意的是，患者是主要肇事者之一。重要的是，性骚扰会对护士的健康和工作表现产生严重后果。
本研究调查了瑞士一所应用科学大学中患者对护士和护理专业学生的职场性骚扰发生率。
采用定量横断面描述性相关设计。
调查在大学健康系下属的护理学院进行。
正在学习或参加继续教育项目且在过去12个月内曾作为护士与患者直接接触的护士和护理专业学生有资格成为参与者。最终样本为251名参与者用于分析。
使用“从组织外视角的性骚扰行为问卷”收集数据。初步分析包括计算百分比和绝对频数、平均分、标准差和范围。使用非参数检验来检验假设，如两个独立样本的威尔科克森检验、斯皮尔曼相关检验和克鲁斯卡尔 - 沃利斯H检验。结果在α<0.05时被认为具有统计学意义。
大多数参与调查的护士为女性（88.5%），从事成人急性护理工作（54.2%）。平均年龄为25.5（=7.5）岁。他们平均从事护理工作7年。17.1%的参与者接受过性骚扰培训。总体而言，95.6%的参与者报告在过去12个月内至少经历过一次任何类型的性骚扰。最常见的骚扰类型是言语性骚扰。值得注意的是，护士年龄越小，性骚扰在统计学上越频繁[= -0.13，= 0.046]。此外，成人急性护理中的性骚扰发生率在统计学上显著高于儿科[（10）= 18.4；= 0.048；科恩= 0.4]。
患者对参与调查的护士和护理专业学生的性骚扰非常普遍。性骚扰的高发生率以及接受过性骚扰培训的护士数量较少表明，需要在护士基础教育中采取措施来应对这一现象。此外，护理行业需要基于证据的反性骚扰干预措施。
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