Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
mSystems. 2024 Jun 18;9(6):e0046924. doi: 10.1128/msystems.00469-24. Epub 2024 May 20.
Microbiomes are integral to ecological health and human well-being; however, their ecological and evolutionary drivers have not been systematically investigated, especially in urban park ecosystems. As microbes have different levels of tolerance to environmental changes and habitat preferences, they can be categorized into habitat generalists and specialists. Here, we explored the ecological and evolutionary characteristics of both prokaryotic and microeukaryotic habitat generalists and specialists from six urban parks across five habitat types, including moss, soil, tree hole, water, and sediment. Our results revealed that different ecological and evolutionary processes maintained and regulated microbial diversity in urban park ecosystems. Under ecological perspective, community assembly of microbial communities was mainly driven by stochastic processes; however, deterministic processes were higher for habitat specialists than generalists. Microbial interactions were highly dynamic among habitats, and habitat specialists played key roles as module hubs in intradomain networks. In aquatic interdomain networks, microeukaryotic habitat specialists and prokaryotic habitat specialists played crucial roles as module hubs and connectors, respectively. Furthermore, analyzing evolutionary characteristics, our results revealed that habitat specialists had a much higher diversification potential than generalists, while generalists showed shorter phylogenetic branch lengths as well as larger genomes than specialists. This study broadens our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary features of microbial habitat generalists and specialists in urban park ecosystems across multi-habitat.
Urban parks, as an important urban greenspace, play essential roles in ecosystem services and are important hotspots for microbes. Microbial diversity is driven by different ecological and evolutionary processes, while little is currently known about the distinct roles of ecological and evolutionary features in shaping microbial diversity in urban park ecosystems. We explored the ecological and evolutionary characteristics of prokaryotic and microeukaryotic habitat generalists and specialists in urban park ecosystems based on a representative set of different habitats. We found that different ecological and evolutionary drivers jointly maintained and regulated microbial diversity in urban park microbiomes through analyzing the community assembly process, ecological roles in hierarchical interaction, and species diversification potential. These findings significantly advance our understanding regarding the mechanisms governing microbial diversity in urban park ecosystems.
微生物组是生态健康和人类福祉的重要组成部分；然而，它们的生态和进化驱动因素尚未得到系统研究，特别是在城市公园生态系统中。由于微生物对环境变化和栖息地偏好的耐受程度不同，它们可以分为栖息地广义和狭义专家。在这里，我们从六个城市公园的五个栖息地类型（包括苔藓、土壤、树洞、水和沉积物）中探索了原核生物和微型真核生物栖息地广义和狭义专家的生态和进化特征。我们的研究结果表明，不同的生态和进化过程维持和调节了城市公园生态系统中的微生物多样性。从生态角度来看，微生物群落的群落组装主要受随机过程驱动；然而，栖息地专家的确定性过程高于广义专家。微生物相互作用在栖息地之间高度动态，栖息地专家作为域内网络的模块枢纽发挥关键作用。在水生跨域网络中，微型真核生物栖息地专家和原核生物栖息地专家分别作为模块枢纽和连接器发挥关键作用。此外，分析进化特征，我们的结果表明，栖息地专家的多样化潜力远高于广义专家，而广义专家的系统发育分支长度较短，基因组较大。本研究拓宽了我们对城市公园生态系统中多栖息地微生物栖息地广义和狭义专家的生态和进化特征的理解。
城市公园作为城市绿地的重要组成部分，在生态系统服务中发挥着重要作用，也是微生物的重要热点。微生物多样性由不同的生态和进化过程驱动，而目前对于生态和进化特征在塑造城市公园生态系统中微生物多样性方面的独特作用知之甚少。我们基于一组不同的栖息地，探索了城市公园生态系统中原核生物和微型真核生物栖息地广义和狭义专家的生态和进化特征。我们发现，通过分析群落组装过程、分层相互作用中的生态作用以及物种多样化潜力，不同的生态和进化驱动因素共同维持和调节了城市公园微生物组中的微生物多样性。这些发现极大地推进了我们对城市公园生态系统中微生物多样性控制机制的理解。
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