Genetic Disruption of Leads to Systemic Glucocorticoid Deficiency and Tissues Hyperplasia in the Teleost Fish Medaka ().

-, (), encodes an enzyme required for cortisol biosynthesis, and its mutations are the major genetic cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in humans. Here, we have generated a null allele for the medaka with a nine base-pair insertion which led to a truncated protein. We have observed a delay in hatching and a low survival rate in homozygous mutants. The interrenal gland (adrenal counterpart in teleosts) exhibits hyperplasia and the number of -expressing cells in the pituitary increases in the homozygous mutant. A mass spectrometry-based analysis of whole larvae confirmed a lack of cortisol biosynthesis, while its corresponding precursors were significantly increased, indicating a systemic glucocorticoid deficiency in our mutant model. Furthermore, these phenotypes at the larval stage are rescued by cortisol. In addition, females showed complete sterility with accumulated follicles in the ovary while male homozygous mutants were fully fertile in the adult mutants. These results demonstrate that the mutant medaka recapitulates several aspects of -deficiency observed in humans, making it a valuable model for studying steroidogenesis in CAH.